Employment tribunal equality claims

This subtopic covers issues arising in relation claims for prohibited conduct (discrimination, harassment and victimisation) claims and equal pay (equality of terms) under the Equality Act 2010 (EqA 2010)

Territorial extent and scope of the Equality Act 2010

The provisions of an Act of Parliament will have:

  1. territorial extent—this is the area within which those provisions are law, and

  2. territorial application—this means the persons and matters in relation to which the provisions operate

EqA 2010 declares its territorial extent expressly, clearly and unequivocally, but is silent as to its territorial application or scope.

The Explanatory Notes to EqA 2010 say as follows:

'As far as territorial application is concerned, in relation to Part 5 (work) and following the precedent of the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Act leaves it to tribunals to determine whether the law applies, depending for example on the connection between the employment relationship and Great Britain.'

The reference in those notes to the 'precedent of the Employment Rights Act 1996' is to the development of the case law following the repeal of section 196

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PAC criticises Home Office over failures to tackle exploitation under skilled worker visa route

The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) has found that the Home Office failed to adequately address the risk of exploitation and non-compliance under the skilled worker visa scheme, particularly in the care sector. In its 4 July 2025 report, the PAC criticises the department for failing to prevent abuse following the scheme’s 2022 expansion to support adult social care, highlighting serious weaknesses in safeguarding, compliance monitoring, and tracking of visa expiries. While the expansion helped alleviate workforce shortages during the pandemic, it also exposed migrant workers to exploitation, with evidence submitted to the inquiry detailing cases of debt bondage, excessive working hours and poor living conditions. Despite early signs of abuse, the Home Office was slow to respond and does not hold data on how many visa holders have been identified as potential victims of modern slavery. The PAC further found that the department lacks key data on visa compliance, including whether workers leave the UK at the end of their stay, are re-sponsored, or remain unlawfully, and has not analysed exit check data since the route’s introduction. In light of the recent decision to end overseas recruitment for care workers, the PAC warns of further risks unless cross-government workforce strategies are coordinated and calls for a joined-up approach to tackling exploitation and addressing domestic skills shortages.

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