Businesses facing prosecution for recent or historic bribery and corruption offences need quick, accurate, and practical advice on investigations and self-reporting. Our content offers unique practical insight.
Investigations into workplace accidents can be lengthy and complex. Our content provides practical advice on health and safety and gross negligence manslaughter offences, investigations and prosecutions.
Private prosecutions are on the rise, as businesses see it as a way to secure justice in financial crime cases. Our bespoke suite supports anyone seeking to bring and challenge private prosecutions.
As the scope and volume of corporate criminal offences increase, keeping track of changes is a constant challenge. Our weekly highlights and trackers keep you up to date with all the latest developments.
The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has secured a £355,880.10 confiscation order against former Manchester motor insurance worker Rizwan...
The National Crime Agency (NCA) and the National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) have called for restrictions on under-16s’ access to unsafe online...
A round-up of the latest health and safety prosecutions, including a biomass company fined after a worker lost parts of three fingers in machinery....
A round-up of the latest environmental enforcement, including the prosecution of a Devon farm partnership and one of its partners following slurry...
The Environment Agency (EA) has published the first national watchlist identifying 117 waste sites in England causing concern for local communities....
This Practice Note examines the scope, creation, and functions of the Fair Work Agency (FWA). Those functions include enforcement of national minimum...
This Practice Note explains the ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) is being used in the UK criminal justice system and offers some predictions...
What are cryptoassets and why are they frequently involved in criminal activity?For the purpose of this Practice Note, we adopt the following...
Self-defenceSelf-defence is an absolute defence which applies in crimes committed by force, it applies even in cases of murder. If a jury finds that a...
This Practice Note considers the law and practice applicable to food advertising to consumers, including:•Regulatory regime overview•General...
Thank you for taking the time to meet with us. As you are aware, we are conducting an investigation on behalf of [insert organisation's name] into...
1General informationDate[Insert date]Name of person completing this response form and action plan[Insert name]Date sanctions breach report form...
1Consider seeking external adviceGiven the complicated nature of most sanctions regimes; the potential for offences to have been committed across...
As you may be aware, the Company is currently [being investigated by the [insert name of agency] OR conducting an internal investigation] in relation...
Please click for the Precedent sample privilege log.Please note that this register has been prepared in Excel and it therefore cannot be downloaded...
Common assault and batteryThe offences of common assault and batteryTechnically, the offences of assault and battery are separate summary offences. An...
AffrayAffray is an offence created by the Public Order Act 1986 (POA 1986). It can be tried in either the magistrates’ court or the Crown Court. The...
Self defenceSelf defenceSelf defence is an absolute defence based on the evidence which can apply in crimes committed by force. Section 76 of the...
Assault occasioning actual bodily harmThe offence of actual bodily harmThe offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) can be tried in...
Criminal act or omissionFor a person to be found guilty of a criminal offence it must be shown that they:•acted in a particular way, or•failed to act...
Strict liabilityStrict liability applies to offences for which the prosecution is not required to prove mens rea for one or more elements of the...
Recklessness in criminal casesThe subjective test for recklessnessCertain statutory and common law offences allow the prosecution to prove mens rea on...
Involuntary manslaughterInvoluntary manslaughter—introductionManslaughter can be classified as either voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary manslaughter...
Common law offence of false imprisonmentThe offence of false imprisonmentFalse imprisonment is a common law offence but it is more common as a civil...
Entrapment There is no defence of entrapment in English law but it is considered to be an abuse of the process of the court for state agents to lure a...
Causation and intervening acts in criminal casesCriminal offences are generally divided into two categories: •conduct crimes, and •result crimesA...
Causing fear or provocation of violenceThe offence of causing fear or provocation of violenceThe offence of causing fear or provocation of violence...
Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm with intentThe offence of causing grievous bodily harm with intentWounding or causing grievous bodily harm...
Burden and standard of proof in criminal proceedingsThere are two kinds of ‘burden’ in criminal proceedings:•the legal burden, and•the evidential...
Time limits for commencing criminal proceedingsFor information on how criminal prosecutions are commenced in England and Wales, see Practice Notes:...
Specific and basic intentIntention refers to the outcome sought by the defendant. Offences may be described as either ones of ‘basic intent’ or of...
Threats to killThis Practice Note covers the offence of threats to kill. It looks at what the prosecution must prove and explores each of the elements...
AutomatismDefinition of automatismAn act is done in a state of Automatism if it is done by the body without control by the mind, (eg it is a spasm or...
To 'cause' involves some express mandate or authority from the person 'causing' to the other person; the meaning of 'permit' depends on the context or the provision contravened.
Intent to defraud means with intent to practise fraud.
'Mutual legal assistance' is assistance between different States in relation, for example, to the service of process and the obtaining and use of evidence.