Master the intricacies of corporate criminal liability with comprehensive, practical guidance. Equip yourself with insights on the principles of criminal responsibility, key legislative frameworks, and case law. Enhance your practice by understanding how companies and their officers are held accountable for criminal acts and ensure robust compliance strategies are in place to mitigate risks.
Common assault and batteryThe offences of common assault and batteryTechnically, the offences of assault and battery are separate summary offences. An...
AffrayAffray is an offence created by the Public Order Act 1986 (POA 1986). It can be tried in either the magistrates’ court or the Crown Court. The...
Self defenceSelf defenceSelf defence is an absolute defence based on the evidence which can apply in crimes committed by force. Section 76 of the...
Assault occasioning actual bodily harmThe offence of actual bodily harmThe offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) can be tried in...
Strict liabilityStrict liability applies to offences for which the prosecution is not required to prove mens rea for one or more elements of the offence. What the defendant knew, believed, or intended is unlikely to be relevant. Guilt can therefore be established by the commission of an act
Criminal act or omissionGenerally, for a person to be found guilty of a criminal offence, it must be shown that they:•acted in a particular way which is prohibited,•failed to act in a particular way (omission), or•brought about a state of affairs•and had the required mental element or mens
ConspiracyThere are three main inchoate offences in English law: •conspiracy—where at least two people have agreed to commit a crime•attempt—where the defendant has tried to commit the offence and has got relatively close to achieving the objective (see Practice Note: Attempt), and•encouraging or
What is a cut-throat defence in criminal proceedings?When one defendant in a criminal trial seeks to advance a defence case to the effect that the perpetrator of a criminal act was their co-accused (ie blaming their co-accused), this is called cutting their co-accused’s throat, or a ‘cut throat
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