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About Life Sciences Law

Lexis®+ Life Sciences is an online practical guidance product for contentious and non-contentious lawyers providing advice to and supporting the UK’s Life Sciences sector.

Research and development

Highly regulated, with strict compliance rules, work can be in-house or in collaboration with another entity. Guidance includes practice notes on UK and EU regime for clinical trials and various precedents.

Intellectual property

Patents and supplementary protection certificates are significant to many life sciences businesses. We have practice notes on pharmaceutical patents, biotechnology patents, IP protection for medical devices and more.

Medicinal products

This content includes guidance on marketing authorisations, orphan and paediatric medicines, pharmacovigilance, manufacturing, unlicensed and off-label medicines.

Medical devices

Covering key areas of medical devices regulation including classification, conformity assessments, clinical and performance evaluation as well as post-market surveillance.

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Associated legal terms

Active device (or active medical device)

Generally, active devices refer to medical devices powered by electricity or any source of power other than that generated by the human body or gravity. Examples are examination lights, surgical microscopes, gas pressure regulators or blood pumps for heart-lung machines or devices for viewing diagnostic images such as ultrasound images. Under Regulation (EU) 2017/745 (EU MDR), ‘active device means any device, the operation of which depends on a source of energy other than that generated by the human body for that purpose, or by gravity, and which acts by changing the density of or converting that energy. Devices intended to transmit energy, substances or other elements between an active device and the patient, without any significant change, shall not be deemed to be active devices. Software shall also be deemed to be an active device’. UK legislation compounds the definition of an ‘active’ device with implantable devices.

Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)

Also referred to as a ‘drug substance’, this term refers to any substance or mixture of substances intended to be the biologically active ingredient (or ‘active substance’) contained in a final medicinal product and intended to provide pharmacological activity or other direct effects. It is internationally defined as: ‘…any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used in the manufacture of a drug (medicinal) product and that, when used in the production of a drug, becomes an active ingredient of the drug product. Such substances are intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure and function of the body.’ Medicinal products are usually composed of several components: the primary biologically active ingredient(s) which form the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) plus other non-active ingredients known as ‘excipients’. The procedure for optimising and compositing this mixture of components, often producing ‘pharmaceutical intermediate’ byproducts as synthesising the API, and excipients into a final medicinal product is referred to as drug ‘formulation’. APIs are legally required to be registered with drug regulatory authorities (eg MHRA, FDA, EMA) and manufactured in compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) regulations and licensed facilities.

CE mark

Mandatory conformity marking for certain products sold within the EEA, including medical devices. It shows that the manufacturer has checked that these products meet EU safety, health or environmental requirements, is an indicator of a product’s compliance with EU legislation and allows the free movement of products within the EEA.
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