Civil fraud

Introduction to civil fraud

Why you need to know about civil (commercial) fraud

A report in August 2023 showed an increase in the number of commercial fraud cases being heard in the English courts in recent years—see News Analysis: More fraud claims filed in English courts, study finds.

Also in August 2023, legal commentators noted that ‘the potential of [AI] technology to augment fraudsters’ efforts is arguably unprecedented’—see News Analysis: What to know about AI fraudsters before facing disputes.

Therefore the importance of understanding what is or may be involved in a civil fraud dispute has never been more important.

What is fraud?

Fraud can best be described as the deliberate or intentional use of misrepresentation, deception or dishonesty to deprive, in order to make a gain or achieve an advantage for someone or something or to disadvantage or cause loss (usually financial) to another person or party. That said, it is not always necessary that a scenario which has, at its heart, elements of dishonesty, requires establishing actual dishonesty on the part of some or all of the protagonists in order to seek a civil remedy.

Fraud

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Latest Dispute Resolution News

Court of Appeal confirms narrow scope for post-limitation substitution in wrong defendant cases (Adcamp LLP v Office Properties)

Dispute Resolution analysis: The Court of Appeal has ruled that CPR 19.6(3)(b) does not permit substitution of defendants after expiry of the relevant limitation period where such substitution would change the essential facts necessary to establish liability against the substituted defendant. The claimants (respondents in the appeal) had issued proceedings against firms which had acquired the alleged wrongdoers, believing that any liabilities had been transferred. When it emerged (or was at least disputed) that liabilities had not been transferred, they sought to add or substitute the predecessor firm after limitation had expired. The Court of Appeal concluded that CPR 19.6(3)(b) was not engaged since the substitution would change the claim in substance, as an essential element of the case against the original defendant (the pleaded basis for the acquiring firm’s liability) would be replaced by the primary liability claim against the substituted defendant. It was, in effect, a different claim against a different party. The Court of Appeal was clear that any perceived harshness this might cause to claimants could not be mitigated by adopting a broad reading of CPR 19.6(3)(b). Rather, it considered the problem (if any) was caused by earlier binding Court of Appeal authority which had confined the ‘mistake’ gateway in CPR 19.6(3)(a) to errors of name (misnomer) and excluded cases of mistaken legal responsibility/liability (identity). Any solution, if required, would therefore be a matter for the Supreme Court.

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