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Corporate Crime analysis: On 8 July 2025, convictions were secured against the three men responsible for the March 2024 arson attack on an East London...
Corporate Crime analysis: The Criminal Procedure Rules 2025, SI 2025/909 (CrimPR 2025) come into force on 6 October 2025, marking the first full...
The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI) has published its annual frozen assets reporting notice for 2025. The notice outlines the...
HM Courts & Tribunals Judiciary has published updated guidance for court users in England and Wales on judicial review in the Administrative Court....
The Scottish Sentencing Council (SSC) has published a literature review, commissioned by the legal scholars from the University of Glasgow, examining...
Admissibility of bad character to prove propensityThe Criminal Justice Act 2003, s 101(1)(d)Section 101(1)(d) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (CJA...
Sentencing procedure in the magistrates’ and Crown CourtsThis Practice Note explains sentencing procedure in the magistrates’ court and Crown Court in...
Offences under the Data Protection Act 2018This Practice Note explains the criminal offences contained within the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018)....
The regulation of consumer credit advertisementsThis Practice Note looks at the regulation of consumer credit advertisements under the Financial...
Regulated activities relating to consumer creditThis Practice Note sets out the consumer credit regulated activities under the Financial Services and...
Anti-bribery and corruption—charitable and political donations policy1Introduction1.1We run our business[es] with integrity. All of us must work...
Anti-bribery and corruption policy1Introduction1.1Bribery and corruption remain major issues in world trade, despite the many dedicated efforts to...
Upjohn warning (US)I am a lawyer for [insert organisation name]. I represent only [insert organisation name], and I do not represent you personally.I...
Abatement notice for a statutory nuisance made under the section 80 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990[name] [District] [Borough] [City]...
Financial crime prevention—agents, intermediaries, associated persons, etc policy1Introduction1.1We run our business[es] with integrity. All of us...
Common assault and batteryThe offences of common assault and batteryTechnically, the offences of assault and battery are separate summary offences. An...
AffrayAffray is an offence created by the Public Order Act 1986 (POA 1986). It can be tried in either the magistrates’ court or the Crown Court. The...
Self defenceSelf defenceSelf defence is an absolute defence based on the evidence which can apply in crimes committed by force. Section 76 of the...
Assault occasioning actual bodily harmThe offence of actual bodily harmThe offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) can be tried in...
Criminal act or omissionFor a person to be found guilty of a criminal offence it must be shown that they:•acted in a particular way, or•failed to act...
Strict liabilityStrict liability applies to offences for which the prosecution is not required to prove mens rea for one or more elements of the...
Recklessness in criminal casesThe subjective test for recklessnessCertain statutory and common law offences allow the prosecution to prove mens rea on...
Involuntary manslaughterInvoluntary manslaughter—introductionManslaughter can be classified as either voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary manslaughter...
Common law offence of false imprisonmentThe offence of false imprisonmentFalse imprisonment is a common law offence but it is more common as a civil...
Entrapment There is no defence of entrapment in English law but it is considered to be an abuse of the process of the court for state agents to lure a...
Causation and intervening acts in criminal casesCriminal offences are generally divided into two categories: •conduct crimes, and •result crimesA...
Causing fear or provocation of violenceThe offence of causing fear or provocation of violenceThe offence of causing fear or provocation of violence...
Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm with intentThe offence of causing grievous bodily harm with intentWounding or causing grievous bodily harm...
Burden and standard of proof in criminal proceedingsThere are two kinds of ‘burden’ in criminal proceedings:•the legal burden, and•the evidential...
Time limits for commencing criminal proceedingsFor information on how criminal prosecutions are commenced in England and Wales, see Practice Notes:...
Specific and basic intentIntention refers to the outcome sought by the defendant. Offences may be described as either ones of ‘basic intent’ or of...
Threats to killThis Practice Note covers the offence of threats to kill. It looks at what the prosecution must prove and explores each of the elements...
AutomatismDefinition of automatismAn act is done in a state of Automatism if it is done by the body without control by the mind, (eg it is a spasm or...
The Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986, s2 provides that where a person is convicted of an indictable offence, whether on indictment or summarily, in connection with the promotion, formation, management, liquidation or striking off of a company, or with the receivership of a company's property or with his being an administrative receiver of a company, the court may impose disqualification from being a company director (etc).
For the purposes of the offence of fraudulent evasion of duty, etc, contrary to the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, s 170, the prosecution must prove dishonest conduct deliberately intended to evade the chargeable duty, etc.
An offence which is triable only on indictment in the Crown Court. An adult defendant must be sent forthwith to the Crown Court from the magistrates’ court if charged with an indictable-only offence.