This Practice Note is important first stage reading for analysing vertical restraints, that is, restrictions in vertical agreements caught by Article 101(1) TFEU (see The...
Intellectual property (IP) agreements relating to, for example, licensing of technology and for the joint development of new technology, may have a restrictive effect on...
There are several ways in which a supplier can distribute its product. A supplier may: • distribute products or services itself • use a distributor, or • use an agent. In...
This Practice Note makes frequent references to two legal instruments issued by the European Commission that are designed to assist parties and their advisors in...
As with other commercial arrangements, 'franchise agreements' are potentially subject to EU and Member State competition law requirements (in particular, the Article...
Land agreements are not an area that most people would associate with competition law concerns but care is needed to ensure that no such concerns arise. A land agreement...
Most-favoured nation clauses (MFNs, also called parity clauses) are vertical arrangements whereby the terms and condition of supply are set by reference to the terms and...
Most manufacturers do not distribute their products themselves. Establishing a captive retail system is expensive and manufacturers normally outsource such activities to...
Europe Austria GTDT Vertical Agreements 2018 Austria European Union GTDT Vertical Agreements 2018 European Union France GTDT Vertical Agreements 2018 France Germany GTDT...
Vertical agreements pervade the business landscape in recognition of the often substantial commercial benefits that they engender. In terms of structure, a vertical...
The Vertical Restraints Block Exemption Regulation (VRBE, Regulation No 330/2010) defines a category of vertical agreements which the European Commission will normally...
