Electronic trade documents

This overview is a guide to the Banking & Finance content within the Digitalisation in finance transactions subtopic, with links to relevant materials. It focuses on the key legislation that is relevant to finance transactions, such as the Property (Digital Assets etc) Act 2005 and the Electronic Trade Documents Act 2023, and digital bonds.

The Property (Digital Assets etc) Act 2025

The Property (Digital Assets etc) Act 2025 came into force on 2 December 2025. It extends to England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Background to the P(DA)A 2025

Prior to the P(DA)A 2025 enactment, English law recognised two forms of personal property:

  1. ‘things in possession’: generally, tangible things such as a chattel, and

  2. ‘things in action’: generally, legal rights that are enforceable by court action

Impact of the P(DA)A 2025

The P(DA)A 2025 aims to clarify that a thing (including a digital or electronic thing) will not be deprived of legal status as an object of personal property rights merely by reason of the fact that it is neither a thing in action nor a thing in possession.

From a banking &

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