Security of tenure for business tenancies under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 is a key area for a property litigator. Get the research and tools to advise on how security arises and how it’s terminated, daily.
Guidance covers the procedural and practical considerations prior to and throughout the process of forfeiting a lease. We give detailed guidance, linking deeper commentary, forms, precedents and a wide range of Q&As.
Guidance to secure rights to install and retain equipment to provide electronic communications services. Code issues, in respect of granting and terminating agreements, frequently arise between landowners and operators.
Understand practice and procedures, the implications of legislation and case law. Our notes have direct links to relevant cases, legislation, guidance and commentary. Get daily news feeds and weekly highlights.
Dispute Resolution analysis: A critical review of the Court of Appeal's landmark judgment in Salinas Pliego & Another v Astor Asset Management 3 Ltd,...
This week's edition of Property Disputes weekly highlights includes: the High Court summer vacation notice 2026, Court of Appeal decisions regarding...
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) has updated its tenant-facing guidance on possession proceedings in the social...
Property Disputes analysis: The Court of Appeal held, by differing majorities, that falcon breeding during the breeding season was a particularly...
The Courts and Tribunals Judiciary (CTJ) has published the High Court of Justice summer vacation notice for 2026. The vacation runs from 1 August 2026...
Once a development occurs, it is then moved to the relevant archive:•Property key future developments tracker—2026 archive•Property key future...
This Practice Note looks at how restrictive covenants are interpreted, and examines the meaning of some common phrases found in covenants.Approach to...
This Practice Note considers the key features of leases and licences and the approach taken by the courts in determining whether an agreement or other...
ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained.This Practice Note explains the conditions that must be satisfied under section...
ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained.A landlord can only end an introductory tenancy by obtaining and executing an...
This guide provides general information about applying to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) to discharge or modify a restrictive covenant affecting...
LEASEHOLD REFORM ACT 1967 SECTION 2(5)NOTICE OF OBJECTION TO FURTHER SEVERANCEin connection with the property known as [insert address of the property...
LEASEHOLD REFORM, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACT 1993 SECTION 52NOTICE OF WITHDRAWALin connection with the property known as [insert address of...
Notice to completeUnder:Leasehold Reform (Collective Enfranchisement and Lease Renewal) Regulations 1993, SI 1993/2407, Schedule 2 Paragraph 8,...
I [name of declarant] of [address] do solemnly and sincerely declare that:1[I OR [name of tenant] [(incorporated in England and Wales with company...
Private nuisance—general principlesWhat situations can give rise to a claim?Private nuisance is a ‘violation of real property rights’. It involves...
Occupiers’ liabilityOccupiers' Liability Act 1957Under the Occupiers' Liability Act 1957 (OLA 1957), an occupier of property owes a common law duty of...
Specific performance of property agreementsIf a party to a property agreement fails to comply with its obligations, the other party may wish to apply...
Forfeiture of a leaseWhen can a landlord exercise the right to forfeit a lease?Forfeiture is a landlord’s right to bring a lease to an end as a result...
Remedies for breach of restrictive covenantsThis Practice Note explains when damages for breach of restrictive covenants might be awarded in lieu of...
Notice to completeThis Practice Note covers what ready, willing and able means and the consequences of serving an invalid notice. A party who is...
Nuisance—what are public and private nuisance claims?Nuisance claims are recognised in the following way:•private nuisance—substantial interference...
Periodic tenanciesThis Practice Note sets out the nature of a periodic tenancy and the procedure and notice periods for terminating such a tenancy. It...
Rectification—mutual mistakeRectification is an equitable remedy by which the court can correct an error of expression where a written document does...
Quick guide to benefit and burden of covenants on assignmentThe Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 (LT(C)A 1995) provides that any lease granted...
Claims for use and occupation, mesne profits, double rent and double valueThis Practice Note provides guidance on claims for ‘use and occupation’ or...
Trespass—remediesThis Practice Note covers the remedies available to landowners who find their property has been unlawfully occupied by a trespasser...
Return or forfeiture of a depositA buyer's right to the return of a deposit and the seller's right to forfeit the deposit in relation to a property...
Surrender by operation of lawA surrender by operation of law (or ‘implied surrender’) occurs when the unequivocal conduct of both parties is...
Rectification—unilateral mistakeThis Practice Note considers the remedy of rectification for unilateral mistake. For rectification for common mistake,...
Quick guide to tenant remedies for landlord’s breach of leaseThis Practice Note gives brief details of the main remedies available to tenants to deal...
The case of Mannai v Eagle Star [1997] 3 All ER 352, in which the House of Lords (as was) confirmed that a mistake in a contractual break notice was not fatal to its validity, as the reasonable recipient would not be misled by the error.
A right of light is a form of easement that gives a landowner the right to receive light through defined apertures in buildings on its land.
A Tolata claim is an application to the civil courts, typically in England and Wales, to resolve disputes about the ownership of, or rights over, land or a home where the parties are not married or in a civil partnership. It most often arises in cohabitation disputes about beneficial interests in a family home, orders for sale, or regulation of occupation.
The term derives from the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (TOLATA), which governs how trusts of land are created and administered and how disputes are determined, including claims for a declaration of beneficial interest and for an order for sale under sections 14 and 15.
Although widely used by practitioners, “Tolata claim” is not a statutory expression, but convenient shorthand for proceedings under TOLATA.
Usage is specific to England and Wales. In Scotland, analogous disputes are addressed under trust and property principles, and cohabitation claims under the Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006. Northern Ireland and Ireland do not use TOLATA; similar issues are dealt with through local trust, land and equity rules and, in Ireland, the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Acts.