STOP PRESS: A revised version of the National Planning Policy Framework was published on 17 August 2026. This content is being reviewed in light of the revised version.
Minerals can only be extracted where they are found and restoration is an important element of any such development. These factors result in special considerations applying to planning for, and approving development relating to, the extraction of minerals. See Practice Note: Minerals planning.
Mineral resources are defined in Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) in England as natural concentrations of minerals or, in the case of aggregates, bodies of rock that are, or may become, of potential economic interest due to their inherent properties.
The types of minerals include: aggregate minerals, industrial minerals, hydrocarbons, and energy minerals.
The main sources of policy and guidance in England are:
the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)—this highlights the essential role of minerals to support sustainable economic growth and the UK’s quality of life
PPG—this provides detailed advice on the application of the policies in the NPPF
the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009,...
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