Parties and their representatives

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The types of party that may be involved in litigation may vary. Litigation may be commenced or defended by individuals (including children), corporations, partnerships, sole traders, insolvent individuals or companies, groups and the estate of a deceased party. Those that bring or defend claims may instruct a legal professional to manage their claim or defence, or may choose to deal with the matter without legal representation (known as litigants in person or self-represented litigants). For an overview of the types of parties which may become involved (whether as claimant or defendant) in litigation in England and Wales, and the key procedural issues and practical considerations of which they or their legal advisors should be aware, see Practice Note: Dispute resolution—types of party.

For information on bringing or defending a claim on behalf of a person lacking capacity, see Practice Note: Capacity to litigate.

Multi-party actions

Claims may be brought or defended by multiple parties. Group claims (also known as class actions or multi-party claims) may be pursued before the English courts via several procedural mechanisms (including group litigation orders (GLOs) and

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