Q&As
Can a majority shareholder force a minority shareholder to transfer their shares (whether to that majority shareholder or a third party)?
A majority shareholder in a company has limited options under English law to force a minority shareholder to transfer their shares: they must rely on the statutory mechanism of squeeze-out or a scheme of arrangement to effect the transfer or, in a worst-case scenario, resort to liquidating the company. For this reason, a majority shareholder in a company will typically contract with any minority shareholders to gain these rights, using suitably drafted shareholders’ agreements and/or bespoke articles of association.
This Q&A assumes that no shares in the company in question are publicly traded.
Squeeze-out: compulsory acquisition of shares under the Companies Act 2006
Where a proposed buyer makes a takeover offer (as defined in sections 974–976 of the Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006)) for shares in a company, CA 2006 provides the buyer with a right to acquire the shares held by those minority shareholders who have not accepted the offer (known
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