Possession

General rights of all occupiers

A residential occupier is defined in section 1(1) of the Protection from Eviction Act 1977 as:

‘a person occupying the premises as a residence, whether under a contract or by virtue of any enactment or rule of law giving him the right to remain in occupation or restricting the right of any other person to recover possession of the premises.’

The basic right of a residential occupier of rented premises is to be safe from unlawful eviction. An action for unlawful eviction arises when an occupier is removed from, or prevented from accessing premises which they are entitled to occupy, without the legally prescribed means being used to evict them. See Practice Note: Unlawful eviction and quiet enjoyment. See also: Unlawful eviction—overview.

However, the procedure to follow in respect of obtaining an order, and the defences available to the tenant in court, will depend on what statutory regime (if any) the tenancy or licence falls under.

Social housing landlords

Since 13 January 2020, social landlords in England and Wales, including a local authority or housing association, can only commence

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Housing Allocation Policy—judicial review of banding and priority dates (R (on the application of Gloria Elsy Rodriguez Robles) v Lewisham London Borough Council)

Local Government analysis: This judicial review concerned Lewisham Council’s 2022 Housing Allocation Policy and its impact on Gloria Elsy Rodriguez Robles, a long-standing applicant on the housing register. Ms Rodriguez lived in a one-bedroom flat with her adult daughter in conditions which were later accepted as being statutorily overcrowded. Under the council’s previous scheme drafted in 2017, Ms Robles was placed in Band 3 (moderate priority) with effect from May 2021. However, following policy reform in 2022, she was reclassified to Band 4 (low priority), as the new scheme distinguished between statutory and non-statutory overcrowding. Ms Robles submitted a change of circumstances form in December 2022, and as a result she was reassessed and placed back into Band 3. However, her Band date was reset to 27 December 2022, rather than retaining her original date of 10 May 2021. Ms Robles challenged that decision, arguing that her circumstances had not changed and therefore she should retain her earlier priority. Hugo Keith KC, sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge dismissed the claim. It was held that Lewisham had lawfully exercised its discretion under the Housing Act 1996 (HA 1996). The 2022 scheme was a substantive policy change, not a continuation of the previous framework. The Council was entitled to reclassify applicants and reset Band dates to reflect current eligibility. The scheme was not irrational, nor was the council’s application of it unlawful. While the communication around the change was imperfect, it did not invalidate the policy or its implementation. Written by Clive Adams, partner at Birketts LLP.

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