EU GDPR regime

The General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR) regime became applicable across the EEA (which at the time included the UK) on 25 May 2018. The EU GDPR ceased to apply to the UK on 31 December 2020 at 11 pm.

This subtopic addresses key features of the EU GDPR at a supranational (ie EEA) level. Individual EEA states may exercise a number of national derogations and other discretions to put in place various additional or alternative data protection laws and the various supervisory authorities in each state may adopt different interpretation or approaches in practice. This topic does not consider the position under the laws of specific EEA states or the guidance of specific EEA supervisory authorities. You should refer to guidance from the relevant national supervisory authorities and national law regarding

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Commission launches consultation to revise the EU Cybersecurity Act and strengthen the EU cybersecurity framework

The European Commission launched a call for evidence to support the preparation of a legislative proposal to revise the EU Cybersecurity Act. The initiative aims to strengthen EU cyber resilience, update the mandate of the EU Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and improve the effectiveness of the European Cybersecurity Certification Framework. The Commission noted that the cybersecurity landscape has become significantly more complex and threat‑intensive since the Act’s adoption in 2019, while subsequent EU legislation has expanded ENISA’s tasks beyond its original mandate, creating the need to streamline, simplify and supplement the existing framework to ensure coherence, reduce administrative burdens and improve implementation for businesses and users. The initiative focuses on measures to support a secure and resilient Information and Communication Technology supply chain and the EU cybersecurity industrial base, addresses shortcomings in the certification framework such as slow adoption, unclear roles, limited agility and insufficient clarity on covered risks, including non‑technical factors, and considers alignment with newer instruments such as the Cyber Resilience Act. The Commission outlined policy options ranging from non‑legislative measures to targeted or comprehensive regulatory revision, stating that EU‑level action is required to prevent internal market fragmentation and to secure long‑term economic and social benefits through greater harmonisation, stronger cybersecurity and resilience, more efficient incident response and enhanced protection of fundamental rights, including personal data. The call for evidence will run until 20 June 2025.

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