There are four main types of security available under English law:

1. •

   Mortgage

2. •

   charge

3. •

   Pledge, and

4. •

   Lien

This Practice Note explains:

1. •

   the nature of a charge (compared with other security interests)

2. •

   the nature of a fixed charge compared to a floating charge

3. •

   the types of assets which are typically the subject of fixed charges

4. •

   perfection of fixed charges, and

5. •

   priority considerations when taking a fixed charge

This Practice Note predominantly focuses on fixed charges. Practice Note: Floating charges provides more detailed information on floating charges, including considerations when taking a floating charge, crystallisation and re-characterisation issues.

Special rules apply to agricultural charges. For more information, see Practice Note: Agricultural charges under the Agricultural Credits Act 1928.