Appeals and judicial review

General principles—appeals

In principle, every order made by a court can be subject to an appeal. Appeals need not relate to the whole of the order made, but simply to part of it, eg costs. However, an appellant cannot appeal simply because they do not agree with the order made by the court—it must either be wrong in law, or unjust due to some serious procedural or other irregularity and unmeritorious appeals can have costs implications for the unsuccessful appealing party.

A prospective appellant must seek permission to appeal in almost all cases. Permission is not required in relation to:

  1. a decision of a bench of lay magistrates or a single lay justice

  2. a committal order

  3. a secure accommodation order

  4. a refusal to grant habeas corpus for release in relation to a minor

See Practice Notes: Appeals—general principles, practice and procedure, Applications for permission to appeal in the Family Court and Appeals in public law children proceedings.

Procedure—appeals

Certain appeals from circuit judges and recorders lie to the High Court rather than the Court of Appeal with effect

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Cafcass guidance on conflicting assessments in public law cases

The Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass) has published new guidance for local authorities and Cafcass for cases where the views of the children’s guardian (and therefore their independent advice to the court) and the assessment of a local authority social worker and/or the independent reviewing officer fundamentally differ on the final care plan or interim arrangements for a child. The guidance applies to all children in care and supervision order applications under section 31 of the Children Act 1989 and deprivation of liberty applications. The guidance sets out the process that should be followed at any point during proceedings where a divergence arises and should be completed before final recommendations are submitted to court. The guidance requires that a pre-final hearing meeting be convened to identify and document the points of difference for the court. It includes suggestions for structuring the pre-final hearing meeting, a template agenda and a template for sharing the agreed rationale with the court. The guidance is not intended to be used to agree a joint position, rather to make sure that recommendations to court include a clear explanation about why the children’s guardian, the local authority social worker and/or the independent reviewing officer have reached fundamentally different positions. The explanation must set out what the points of difference are so that the judge in the case can better understand these. It remains for the court to decide what is safe and in the best interests of the child.

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