Enforcing international arbitral awards

Introduction to recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards

Practice Note: Recognition and enforcement of international arbitral awards—an introduction provides an introduction to some of the key issues for practitioners regarding the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards. It discusses: some of the considerations for award creditors post-award; where to seek enforcement, including locating the award debtor’s assets; and, the options for recognition and enforcement before domestic courts (including exequatur).

See also: State immunity and arbitration—overview.

The New York Convention

This Practice Note gives information about the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the New York Convention), including how to make an application for recognition or enforcement of an arbitral award under the New York Convention and the limited grounds on which such an application to enforce a New York Convention award can be refused. It discusses the reciprocity and commercial reservations to the New York Convention.

For more information, see Practice Note: The New York Convention—the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards—an introduction.

Settlement in arbitration

This Practice Note covers issues surrounding settlement in arbitration,

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ICSID publishes 2025 caseload statistics reporting second-highest annual registrations

The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) has published its 2025 caseload statistics, reporting that as of 31 December 2025 it had registered 1,085 arbitration and conciliation cases under the ICSID Convention and Additional Facility Rules since 1972. The latest edition of the 'ICSID Caseload – Statistics' records 63 new cases in 2025, the second-highest number registered in a calendar year. ICSID states that most new cases (58%) invoked its jurisdiction through bilateral investment treaties, followed by state-investor contracts (15%) and domestic investment laws (6%). Of the new cases, 56 are ICSID Convention arbitrations, six are Additional Facility arbitrations and one is a conciliation. Regionally, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for the largest share of new cases in 2025 (24%), followed by South America (20%) and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (19%). By sector, mining represented 24% of new cases, oil and gas 21% and construction 16%. Of arbitrations concluded in 2025, 67% were decided by tribunals and 33% were settled or otherwise discontinued. Among cases decided by tribunals, 53% upheld investors’ claims in part or in full, while 31% rejected all claims on the merits; 11% declined jurisdiction and 5% were dismissed for manifest lack of legal merit. 60% of tribunal-decided cases resulted in no damages being awarded to investors. Women accounted for 30% of the 240 appointments made to ICSID cases in 2025.

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