Holding company tax considerations

For businesses expanding internationally, or funds and other entities making international acquisitions, an important consideration is the corporate holding structure for the business and the location of the entities used to own and operate the expanding business.

While tax efficiency is a factor in the use of holding companies, there are also sound business reasons such as consolidating management, ring-fencing business divisions and administrative convenience. In addition, lenders will often require the use of holding companies as this can make it easier to enforce and realise security in the event of a default.

The location of the underlying business activities and the ultimate shareholders will usually be fixed, but there is often a degree of flexibility regarding the location of holding companies. Many commercial factors are also relevant to this issue, including the nature of the business and its customer base, the location of key management and employees and access to finance and other support services, but taxation and tax efficiency is often also an important consideration. However, companies established in a particular jurisdiction wholly or mainly for tax reasons are increasingly unlikely to achieve the anticipated

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Market value, distributions and notional transactions—key SDLT lessons from Tower One St George Wharf Ltd v HMRC

Tax analysis: In Tower One St George Wharf Ltd v HMRC, the Court of Appeal considered the basis on which stamp duty land tax (SDLT) should be assessed and whether that resulted in SDLT being paid on the market value, the actual consideration paid, or on some other basis for a complex transaction within a corporate group. The taxpayer argued that the ‘Case 3’ exception under section 54(4) of the Finance Act 2003 (FA 2003) applied, which would result in SDLT being charged on the actual consideration. HMRC argued that the exception did not apply, which would result in SDLT being paid on the market value of the property. Alternatively, HMRC argued that if the exception did apply then the anti-avoidance provisions at FA 2003, s 75A applied, potentially resulting in an even higher SDLT charge. The Court of Appeal held that although the Case 3 exception applied, the anti-avoidance provision in FA 2003, s 75A also applied. This resulted in SDLT being assessed on an aggregate amount that was even higher than the property's market value (although HMRC did not seek to increase its assessment beyond market value). Therefore, the appeal was dismissed. As explained by Jon Stevens, partner, and Rory Clarke, solicitor, at DWF Law LLP, this decision deals with the interaction of a number of complex SDLT provisions and clarifies the SDLT provisions relating to transfers to connected companies and the SDLT anti-avoidance provisions, with implications for corporate structuring and tax planning.

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