The below tracks live European Commission behavioural investigations (under Articles 101 and/or 102 TFEU) and sector inquiries. NOTE—only investigations that have been made public are included in this table. NOTE—completed investigations are moved from this document to the case trackers for closed cases within seven days of the final Commission decision. For completed investigations, see Article 101 TFEU investigations—closed cases tracker and Article 102 TFEU investigations—closed cases tracker. For details of appeals before the General Court, see General Court appeals—ongoing cases tracker. For details of appeals before the Court of Justice, see Court of Justice appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Investigations under Article 101 TFEU Case name, companies under investigation and industry Issues Developments Construction chemicals (AT.40861)Cemex, Chryso, Mapei, Master Builders Solutions, MC-Bauchemie, Sika, TAM, Ha-Be, Liesen, Remei, SYNAD, Deutsche Bauchemie and ANFAH Restrictive agreements and cartel—price collusion • Statement of objections issued—20/07/2026• Dawn raids carried out—17/10/2023 Synthetic turf (AT.40957 and AT.40956)Oranjewoud, TenCate Grass, Sports & Leisure Group and GBN-AGR Restrictive agreements—pricing, exclusivity arrangements and exchange of commercially sensitive information • Statement of objections issued—21/05/2026• Dawn raids carried

This table highlights merger transactions in the EU that have been subject to review by national competition authorities (NCAs) following the Court of Justice’s judgment in Case C- 449/21 Towercast despite not meeting the formal thresholds for mandatory notification. In Case C- 449/21 Towercast, the Court of Justice held that Article 21(1) EUMR does not preclude a national competition authority from reviewing a concentration under Article 102 TFEU by reference to its effects on competition in a national market, where that concentration: (i) does not have a Community dimension under Article 1 EUMR; (ii) falls below national merger control thresholds; and (iii) has not been referred to the Commission under Article 22 EUMR. Note—only cases that have been made public are included in this table. 2026 Jurisdiction Parties Market Competition concerns Current developments Belgium Live Nation/Pukkelpop National music festivals/live entertainment Abuse of dominanceNote—the BCA is also investigating potential Article 101 infringements • Final outcome—11/09/2026; conditionally approved• Investigation opened—12/11/2025 Finland Terveystalo/Cityläkarna Mariehamn Åland private medical clinics and occupational health services Abuse

MLex: The EU's planned biotech law should not lower the level of data protection for clinical trial participants, two EU data protection bodies have said. In a joint statement, the European Data Protection Board and the European Data Protection Supervisor said they supported plans to harmonise clinical trials rules and introduce a single legal basis for processing personal data in the European Biotech Act. But they made a series of recommendations to protect sensitive health and genetic data, including clarifying controller codes, limiting data retention, coherence with the EU's AI law, and processing data in regulatory sandboxes.

This Practice Note tracks the progress of the revision of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation (VBER) and accompanying Vertical Guidelines; the Research and Developments Block Exemption Regulation (R&D Block Exemption Regulation) and the Specialisation Block Exemption Regulation, together known as the Horizontal Block Exemption Regulations (HBERs) and accompanying Horizontal Guidelines; the Motor Vehicles Block Exemption Regulation (MVBER); the Liner Shipping Consortia Block Exemption Regulation (CBER) and the Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation (TTBER). This Practice Note does not cover block exemption regulations for State aid. For further information on UK legislation relating to block exemptions and the ongoing policy developments, see Practice Note: UK block exemptions revision—tracker. For further information on EU competition law legislation, guidance and other policy developments which are ongoing, see Practice Note: EU competition horizon scanning—2025 and beyond. Background Article 101(1) of the TFEU prohibits agreements; the object or effect of which is to restrict competition. However, an agreement found to be restrictive under Article 101(1) TFEU may, nevertheless, be lawful where it meets the conditions for exemption under Article 101(3)

MLex: All online traders and services could be brought into scope of an EU ban on platforms such as social media sites targeting children with advertising under a future EU regulation known as the Digital Fairness Act, MLex understands. Public consultations on the law's scope will begin in coming months, and EU justice chief Michael McGrath will discuss ideas with ministers and companies on a visit to Singapore next week.

The 2022 edition of the EU blue bioeconomy report prepared by the European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products (EUMOFA) has been published, focusing on algae and seaweeds. The report considers the latest developments of micro- and macroalgae cultivation systems in the EU and globally, with a particular focus on sargassum (a macroalgae). Key findings of the report include seaweed farming and harvesting remain on a very small-scale in Europe with many start-ups not yet commercially operating, the regulatory landscape for seaweed licensing is uncoordinated and has high costs for small companies, and the use of technology will become standard for managing large-scale microalgal and seaweed facilities.

MLex: EU brandy exports will face provisional dumping duties at China’s borders from 11 October 2024, China’s commerce ministry said on 8 October 2024. The measures ranging between 30.6% and 39% were announced in August 2024, but China decided not to impose them pending the EU countervailing probe on Chinese electric vehicles.

This Practice Note covers the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism in the EU (the EU CBAM Regulation), as applicable for the ‘definitive’ CBAM period, from 1 January 2026 onwards. For information on the EU CBAM transitional period (which ran from 1 October 2023 to 31 December 2025) see Practice Note: EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (EU CBAM)—transitional period (2023 to 2025). Objectives of the EU CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (the EU CBAM Regulation) was published in the Official Journal of the EU on 16 May 2023. Article 1 of the EU CBAM Regulation stipulates that its objective is to address greenhouse gas emissions embedded in covered goods upon their import into the EU. It does so by

This Practice Note covers the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism in the EU (the EU CBAM Regulation), as applicable during the EU CBAM transitional period which ran from 1 October 2023 to 31 December 2025. For information on the EU CBAM ‘definitive’ period, as applicable from 1 January 2026 onwards, see Practice Note: EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (EU CBAM)—definitive period (2026 onwards). Objectives of the EU CBAM Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (the EU CBAM Regulation) was published in the Official Journal of the EU on 16 May 2023. Article 1 of the EU CBAM Regulation stipulates that its objective is to address greenhouse gas emissions embedded in covered goods upon their import into the

This database details how the European Commission has calculated fines imposed for cartels that have breached Article 101 TFEU under the current fining guidelines. Notes:

No medicinal product may be placed on the market unless it has been approved. This Flowchart outlines the procedure for obtaining an approval, known as a marketing authorisation (MA) through the EU centralised procedure. Under the centralised authorisation procedure, pharmaceutical companies

EU citizens who are in employed work or undertaking self-employed activities as well as, in certain circumstances, jobseekers, have a right to reside in the host Member State beyond three months under EU law. This Practice Note examines the right of residence by EU citizens beyond the initial three months where they exercise their rights of residence as workers, self-employed persons and jobseekers. Note that throughout this Practice Note the term 'EU citizens' refers to nationals of EU Member States. Nationals of the European Economic Area (Norway, Iceland and Lichtenstein and the other 27 Member States of the EU) also benefit from EU free movement law, under Directive 2004/38/EC, the Citizens’ Directive. Accordingly, where EU citizens are referred to in this Practice Note, they also include EEA nationals. Workers What activities constitute employed work? There is no definition of worker in Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), in the Citizens' Directive, nor in Council Regulation (EU) 492/2011 on freedom of movement for workers