This Practice Note is a horizon scanner tracking key future developments in EU commercial law. It provides details of key dates for your diary (including forecasted dates where possible) and relevant commentary in relation to legislation-in-progress, legislation subject to future application dates or transposition deadlines, new consultations and calls for evidence, forthcoming guidance, and new EU-level strategies and action plans. This horizon scanner is divided into the following sections: • Legislation in progress • Open consultations and calls for evidence • Key upcoming legislative transposition deadlines and dates of application • Key non-legislative developments This horizon scanner does not cover past developments, such as legislation published in the Official Journal or case law. For details of past developments in EU commercial law, see Practice Note: EU commercial law—key developments tracker. For more information on EU consumer legislation generally, see Practice Note: Key EU consumer legislation—summary. Some initiatives are tracked in separate trackers, such as: • EU ePrivacy Directive—tracker • EU Digital Services Act—progress tracker • EU Digital Markets Act—progress tracker • Travel/Transport—EU Regulatory tracker • Agriculture/Food—EU Regulatory tracker Legislation

This Practice Note tracks key past developments in EU commercial law. It provides details of key events and relevant commentary relating to finalised legislation and case law and other key developments, including published guidance and EU-level strategies and action plans. This tracker covers developments from 2025 onwards. For pre-2025 developments, see Practice Notes: EU consumer protection—tracker [Archived], EU consumer protection cases tracker [Archived], EU Commercial Agents Directive cases—tracker [Archived] and EU Late Payment Regulation—tracker [Archived]. This tracker is divided into the following sections: • Legislation published in the Official Journal • Key non-legislative developments • Key judgments and opinions of the Court of Justice This tracker does not cover emerging or expected future developments such as legislation-in-progress or open consultations. For details of future developments in this area, see Practice Note: EU commercial law—horizon scanner. Some initiatives are tracked in separate trackers, such as: • EU Digital Omnibus—tracker • EU Digital Services Act—progress tracker • EU Digital Markets Act—progress tracker • EU ePrivacy Directive—tracker • Travel/Transport—EU Regulatory tracker • Agriculture/Food—EU Regulatory tracker For

MLex: EU Trade Commissioner Maros Šefčovič said the European Commission is committed to exploring all options to help the silicon-metal industry, including via trade-defense tools. The statement issued on 10 April 2026 comes in response to a parliamentary question from several conservative lawmakers in March 2026, on whether ferroalloy safeguard measures in place would be extended to silicon metal ‘as a matter of urgency’.

MLex:Companies across the EU are largely evading significant consequences for violations of the General Data Protection Regulation, according to a new analysis from the Austrian digital rights NGO Noyb. Only 1.3 percent of cases before national data protection authorities result in a fine, Noyb says. The organisation argues that this undermines the GDPR’s goal of holding violators accountable and protecting consumers' rights, with experts emphasising that substantial fines are crucial to driving compliance.

Competence is a term used to denote the power of the Union to undertake specific action where they are conferred upon it by the Member States in the EU Treaties.

This Practice Note is an archived summary of the key legal developments that have impacted EU competition law between 2017 and 2026. 2026 General Title Details Developments Speech by Executive Vice-President Teresa Ribera at Fordham’s 53rd Annual Conference ‘Building a democratic, competitive and sustainable future for artificial intelligence Speech on the role of competition policy in the future governance of AI • Speech published—17/09/2026 Speech by Executive Vice-President Teresa Ribera at the European Competition Forum Speech on why competition policy matters and why it should not be taken in isolation • Speech published—17/06/2026 Commission’s Report on Competition Policy 2025 The Commission published its Report on Competition Policy for 2025, which presents the main legislative initiatives and policy developments of 2025, as well as a selection of enforcement actions, to citizens, businesses, and the competition policy community • Report published—05/05/2026 Antitrust, Mergers, State aid, Digital Markets Act and Foreign Subsidies (2024–2029) The Commission publishes an updated timeline mapping all its planned competition policy revisions and updates in the period from 2024 to 2029 • Updated timeline published—27/04/2026 Commission

This Practice Note is a summary of the key legal developments that are expected to impact EU competition law during 2026 and beyond. To track legal and regulatory developments relating to other specific EU competition law topics, see: • EU Digital Markets Act—progress tracker • Foreign Subsidies Regulation—progress tracker • EU foreign investment screening rules—progress tracker For a look back at legal developments in previous years, see our archived horizon scanner: EU competition law—completed legislation and policy tracker. General Title Details Developments Consultation to promote industry cooperation Call for Input seeking feedback from market participants on how European companies procure and recycle certain critical raw materials and the interplay with EU competition rules • Call for Input launched—04/04/2025 ‘Competition Policy supporting the Green Deal' A call for contributions on how competition policy can further support the objectives of the European Green Deal • Call for contributions launched—13/10/2020 Training of national judges in EU competition Law A call for proposals for training national judges in EU competition law. The purpose of the call is to offer EU co-financing for projects

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. This tracker is no longer maintained. For cases published in 2026, see Practice Note: EU competition law 2026—cases tracker. For cases published between September 2022 and December 2024, see Practice Note: EU competition law–cases tracker (2022–2024) [Archived]. This Practice Note tracks the most recent developments of noteworthy EU competition law cases. The EU competition law cases tracker is divided into the following sections: • Antitrust cases • Merger cases • Private action cases • State aid cases For more information on EU competition law legislation, guidance and policy developments, see Practice Notes: • EU competition horizon scanning—2026 and beyond • EU block exemptions revision—tracker • EU Digital Markets Act—progress tracker Antitrust cases 2025 This table tracks noteworthy antitrust cases since January 2025. Cases are added in reverse chronological order. Case Sector Latest developments: Case C-545/25 P(I) České dráhy v Commission Transport services 17 December 2025 The Court of Justice issued an order in Case C-545/25

This Practice Note tracks the most recent developments of noteworthy EU competition law cases. The EU competition law cases tracker is divided into the following sections: • Antitrust cases 2026 • Merger cases 2026 • Private action cases 2026 • State aid cases 2026 For cases published in 2025, see Practice Note: EU competition law 2025—cases tracker [Archived]. For cases published between September 2022 and December 2024, see Practice Note: EU competition law–cases tracker (2022–2024) [Archived]. For more information on EU competition law legislation, guidance and policy developments, see Practice Notes: • EU competition horizon scanning—2026 and beyond • EU block exemptions revision—tracker • EU Digital Markets Act—progress tracker Antitrust cases 2026 This table tracks noteworthy antitrust cases since January 2026. Cases are added in reverse chronological order. Case Sector Latest developments: Case C-285/25 Lurdos Freight transport 3 September 2026 Advocate General (AG) Kokott delivered her opinion in Case C-285/25 Lurdos, a national reference from Hungary seeking clarification as to whether Article 10 of Directive 2014/104, Article 101 TFEU and the

ARCHIVED –this archived practice note provides information on EU competition law and big data and algorithms and reflects the position at the date of publication (11 November 2017). It is not maintained. With the growing importance of ‘big data’ for a wide range of purposes across many industries, authorities, academics and practitioners have devoted increasing attention in recent years to the antitrust implications for antitrust policy and enforcement of big data and the use of algorithms to process them. In September 2016, EU Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager promised to ‘keep a close eye on how companies use data’, and a number of European competition authorities have recently conducted, or in some cases are still conducting, studies on big data issues. Authorities and commentators have raised two main types of concern: first, that the use of algorithms processing big data may play a role in restrictive agreements, decisions or concerted practices or otherwise facilitate collusion and second, that the collection of big datasets that are valuable, unique and non-replicable

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. On 10 May 2022, the Commission adopted a new Vertical Block Exemption Regulation 2022/720 (VBER 2022). The VBER 2022 replaced the previous Vertical Restraints Block Regulation 330/2010 (VBER 2010, also referred to as the VRBE in this Practice Note) on 1 June 2022. This Practice Note was drafted for the VBER 2010. NOTE—The VBER 2010 expired on 31 May 2022 and was replaced by the VBER 2022 with effect from 1 June 2022. Under Article 10 VBER 2022, there was a 12 month transition period (ending on 31 May 2023) to accommodate pre-existing vertical agreements already in force on 31 May 2022 which satisfied the conditions for exemption provided in the VBER 2010 on 31 May 2022 but which did not satisfy the conditions for exemption provided in the VBER 2022. This Practice Note is therefore for background information only. For an assessment of exclusive distribution agreements under Article 101 TFEU, the VBER 2022 and the Commission’s

ARCHIVED: Revised Horizontal Guidelines were published in the Official Journal on 21 July 2023. This Practice Note was written with the previous Horizontal Guidelines in mind. It is not maintained. Instead, for up to date content, please see the relevant section in Analysing horizontal co-operation agreements under EU competition law. What is a joint commercialisation agreement? Joint commercialisation agreements involve cooperation between competitors with regard to the selling, distribution or promotion of their substitute products. They range from agreements involving the joint determination of all commercial aspects relating to the sale of the products (including price) to more limited agreements that only address one specific commercialisation function (such as distribution, after-sales service, or advertising). Joint commercialisation agreements are capable of giving rise to significant benefits stemming from economies of scale or scope, especially for smaller producers. However, they can in certain circumstances give rise to serious competition law concerns, in particular where the parties have a significant degree of market power, the agreement