The European Commission has adopted a Communication on a new Strategic Approach to Research and Innovation for competitive, resilient and sustainable agriculture, forestry, rural areas and food systems. The Communication brings together two frameworks: AgRI 2040, covering agriculture, forestry and rural areas, and Food 2040, covering food systems, including fisheries and aquaculture, to guide future research, innovation, deployment and uptake across the agri-food sector. Both frameworks are intended to be deployed under Horizon Europe 2028–34 and relevant parts of the European Competitiveness Fund. Six shared priorities underpin the frameworks: (1) competitiveness, startups and scaleups; (2) food security, resilience and preparedness; (3) natural resources and circularity; (4) food and feed safety, nutrition and health; (5) fairness and (6) global co-operation. The Communication contributes to the objectives of the Vision for Agriculture and Food and the Strategy for European Life Sciences and complements the EU Bioeconomy Strategy. As a next step, the EU AgRI 2040 Conference will take place in Brussels on 24 and 25 September 2026.