Real estate representations, warranties and CPs in finance documents

See the Structure of real estate finance—overview and the corresponding topic to browse all of our content on the property lawyer's input into real estate related representations, warranties and conditions precedent in the facility agreement.

Key provisions in real estate finance facility agreements

The key finance document in a real estate finance transaction is the facility agreement which will usually be preceded by a term sheet setting out the key terms of the deal. See Practice Note: Term sheets in lending transactions. From a real estate lawyer's perspective, if instructed by the funder directly, the facility agreement will usually be based on the lender's in-house standard form document which is usually not negotiated or amended and can be completed by the real estate lawyer at the same time as drawdown and execution of the legal charge documents.

The majority of the provisions in a real estate finance facility agreement will be similar to those in a standard facility agreement. The main differences will centre around the conditions precedent, representations and warranties, covenants and events of default as these will be more real

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Insolvency, declarations of trust, loan agreements, artificial asset protection, sham transactions, transactions defrauding creditors, interspousal asset transfers, change of position defence and wife’s entitlement to share of husband’s assets (Sayers v Dixon)

Restructuring & Insolvency analysis: The court held that six declarations of trust (DoTs) executed by the transferor (Mr Dixon) in favour of his wife (Mrs Dixon) constituted transactions defrauding his creditors within the meaning of section 423 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) and that two of them, purporting to transfer all his future assets and income to Mrs Dixon, along with an accompanying loan agreement, were shams which were void and ineffective. It set aside the DoTs and ordered Mrs Dixon to restore the value of three transferred properties (which had been converted into £551,589 cash) to Mr Dixon’s trustees in bankruptcy (trustees) together with interest of £101,726. It also ordered an account to be taken of the funds that had been transferred to Mrs Dixon or on her behalf by Mr Dixon over the seven years between the date of the DoTs and his bankruptcy. The court dismissed Mrs Dixon’s defence of change of position to the trustees’ claim for restoration, finding that even if such a defence were generally available (which is unclear), she had not acted in good faith and could not rely on it. It also dismissed her defence that, having been married to Mr Dixon for many years, she was entitled to half his assets and/or an entitlement to a share of them by virtue of a right to be maintained. Written by Jonathan Lopian, barrister at New Square Chambers, who acted for the successful claimants.

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