Long residence and private life

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The long residence route in the Immigration Rules, Appendix Long Residence covers people who have been lawfully in the UK for a continuous period of at least ten years. It provides a route for settlement, if the Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK requirements can be satisfied and the person has held permission on their current route or an exemption from immigration control for 12 months. In other cases, it provides a route for further leave permission.

The private life route in the Immigration Rules, Appendix Private Life represents the government’s interpretation

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The Economics Observatory (ECO) has reported that record post-Brexit migration—driven primarily by non-EU workers and students—has supported UK job growth and strengthened public finances, while also increasing pressure on housing. It notes that net migration peaked at 906,000 in 2023 before falling to 431,000 in 2024 following new visa restrictions, yet it remains well above pre-Brexit levels. ECO finds that although migration’s effect on wages is limited, its influence on housing and infrastructure is far more pronounced.

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