International Oil & Gas

This Overview guides practitioners through international oil and gas materials, with links to legislation, regulatory guidance, precedents and notes. International oil and gas work spans cross‑border exploration, production, transportation and trading, engaging international law, host‑state petroleum regimes and private contracts. Key issues include the form of host‑government arrangements (concessions, production sharing and service contracts), licensing and fiscal terms, stabilisation and change‑in‑law, local content and decommissioning security. Practitioners should address title and export rights, pipeline and terminal access, and governance of joint ventures under joint operating agreements, farm‑ins and pre‑emption mechanics. Cross‑border aspects frequently turn on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, transboundary unitisation and pipeline transit agreements. Offtake and marketing arrangements - crude lifting, transportation and LNG sale and purchase agreements - raise questions on price, take‑or‑pay, destination restrictions, force majeure and demurrage. Competition law, sanctions and export controls are central: UK, EU and US regimes (including OFSI and OFAC) affect ownership, shipping, payments, insurance and price caps. Anti‑bribery, money laundering and human rights due diligence obligations feature, notably under the Bribery Act 2010. Investment protection and disputes commonly involve bilateral...

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