The European Union Intellectual Property Office has published a study on the economic impact that the counterfeiting of clothing, cosmetics and toys has on sales and employment. It found that the legitimate clothing industry has lost almost €12bn in sales as an annual average between 2018 and 2021, which represented 5.2% of clothing sales in the EU, while the cosmetics industry lost almost €3bn in sales due to counterfeiting, equalling 4.8% of total sales, and €1bn, or 8.7%, of sales was lost in the toy sector. In addition, in the period 2018–2021, the clothing industry employed 160,000 fewer people each year, the cosmetics industry almost 32,000 people and the toy sector 3,600 people as a result of counterfeiting.