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GLOSSARY
An admission of guilt is a statement by a suspect or defendant accepting that they committed the alleged offence, whether made out of court (for example in a police interview) or in court by a guilty plea. It is a descriptive term used across criminal procedure and evidence law.In England & Wales and Northern Ireland, “confession” is defined in statute (PACE 1984 s82; PACE (NI) Order 1989), and admissibility is governed by provisions excluding statements obtained by oppression or in circumstances likely to render them unreliable (notably PACE s76) and by the general discretion to exclude unfair evidence (s78). Compliance with cautioning and interview Codes, access to legal advice, and recording standards are material.In Scotland, admissibility of admissions rests on the common-law “fairness” test; voluntariness and absence of improper pressure are central. A key difference is corroboration: a confession alone cannot secure conviction without independent supporting evidence. In Ireland, the voluntariness rule applies at common law and under statute, with statements excluded if not proved voluntary beyond reasonable doubt.Practically, an admission of guilt can determine charge, disposal and plea strategy, underpin out-of-court disposals (e.g. cautions in E&W/NI and the Irish Adult Caution Programme), and attract sentence reductions for early guilty pleas under jurisdiction-specific guidelines or statutes.
PRACTICE NOTES
Part of the process when a company applies for an initial admission to trading on AIM (AIM admission) will be an investigation into the company's financial and commercial position and prospects, as well as the risks associated with the company's business. Due diligence carried out in connection with an AIM admission will be more comprehensive and detailed than that carried out on an acquisition. Whereas in the case of an acquisition the buyer may be willing to accept certain issues on the basis of the contractual protections in place in an AIM admission, these contractual protections do not exist and the company, its directors and the nominated adviser (nomad) have to comply with the AIM Rules for Companies (AIM Rules) and the AIM Rules for Nominated Advisers (Nomad Rules). Further to this the company and its directors may have civil and criminal liability for any information published which is inaccurate or misleading. See Practice Notes: Misleading statements under the Financial Services Act 2012 and Misleading impressions under the Financial Services Act 2012. Why
PRACTICE NOTES
ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. This archived Practice Note looks at the fast track route for admission to trading on AIM which was in place prior to significant changes to the AIM Rules for Companies which came into effect on 5 August 2026. A company (quoted applicant) that already has its securities traded on another specific market (AIM Designated Market) may be able to apply for admission to AIM through the AIM Designated Market Route (ADMR). The ADMR provides an efficient and cost effective route for a quoted applicant to be admitted to trading on AIM. The current AIM Designated Markets are the top tier markets of: • Australian Securities Exchange • Johannesburg Stock Exchange • NASDAQ • NYSE • SIX Swiss Exchange • TMX Group • Official List of the Financial Conduct Authority, and • any UK or EEA regulated market or SME Growth Market registered in accordance with the relevant laws. Eligibility To
PRACTICE NOTES
A company applying for admission to trading on AIM (AIM admission) must meet the requirements of the AIM Rules for Companies (AIM rules) as well as complying with: • the legal requirements for offers of securities in the UK • financial promotion restrictions • any legal requirements of a jurisdiction where the securities are being offered, and • if the company is incorporated outside the UK, the corporate and securities laws of the country of incorporation This Practice Note deals with the requirements as they apply to a company incorporated in the UK which is not a ‘quoted applicant’. The London Stock Exchange offers an AIM fast-track admission route to certain companies which have had their securities traded on an AIM Designated Market (which includes the Official List) for at least 18 months prior to applying to AIM (referred to as quoted applicants in the AIM Rules). For more information see Practice Note: Admission to AIM—fast track route. The company A company incorporated in the UK that is applying for AIM admission must be a validly incorporated
GLOSSARY
In the context of the Listing Rules, the admission of securities to listing on the Official List.
GLOSSARY
Action of admitting or permitting a person to enter the UK. British citizens and certain other British passport holders as well as EEA citizens exercising Community rights and certain Commonwealth citizens with the right of abode are entitled to be admitted to the UK without leave: see Immigration Act 1971, ss 1(1), 2, 3(1); Immigration Act 1988, s 7; Immigration (EEA) Regulations 2006; Immigration Rules HC 395, paras 7, 16.
GLOSSARY
In general, the admission of securities to trading on an exchange. The term is usually used more specifically to mean (1) the admission of securities to trading on AIM or (2) the admission of securities to trading on the Main Market.
PRACTICE NOTES
This Practice Note sets out when CPR 14, which deals with admissions, applies and the process when a defendant makes an admission in relation to the whole or part of a claim (including a money only claim) following the commencement of proceedings. It also considers the difference between an admission and an averment. For a wider consideration of the options available to a defendant seeking a negotiated resolution of a dispute, see: • Settlement and settling disputes—overview • Part 36 offers—overview For information concerning applications to withdraw admissions, see Practice Note: Withdrawing an admission. For guidance generally on the contents and filing of the defence, see Practice Notes: • Drafting the defence—formalities • Drafting the defence—drafting tips Finally, note that this Practice Note provides guidance on the interpretation and application of the relevant provisions of the CPR. Depending on the court in which your matter is proceeding, you may also need to be mindful of additional provisions—see further the section on Court specific guidance below. Historic versions of CPR 14 and CPR PD 14 The CPR provisions relevant to admissions
PRACTICE NOTES
This Practice Note considers CPR 14 and the general provisions which concern admissions made prior to the commencement of proceedings. For guidance on the particular considerations which apply in respect of admissions made pre-action in personal injury cases, including in relation to portal claims pursuant to CPR 14.3, see Practice Note: Pre-action admissions under CPR 14 in personal injury cases. For more general information on admissions, including admissions made following the commencement of proceedings, see Practice Notes: • Admissions • Withdrawing an admission Depending on the court in which your matter might proceed, you may also need to be mindful of additional provisions—see further the section on Court specific guidance below. Otherwise, for information on: • alternative dispute resolution (ADR), see: ADR and dispute resolution clauses—overview and Mediation—overview • developments related to online dispute resolution, see: Starting and managing online claims—overview • general guidance on starting a claim, see: Starting a claim or counterclaim—overview Historic versions of CPR 14 and CPR PD 14 The CPR provisions relevant to admissions were amended with effect from 1 October 2023. In particular,
GLOSSARY
ABS provisions were introduced in 1999 to enable contractors to take on local authority contracts to provide ongoing active membership of the Local Government Pension Scheme for those local government employees who transfer to the contractor.
CHECKLISTS
This checklist sets out the key issues to consider when a new member joins a limited liability partnership (LLP). It considers the relevant legal, regulatory and practical issues. Identity of new member What is the name and address of the new member? A member cannot be an undischarged bankrupt or person disqualified from being either a member of a LLP or a company director. Is the new member subject to any restrictions under any existing agreements or covenants (eg employment, LLP, joint venture, finance documents) that may impact upon their ability to join or commit to the LLP? LLP agreement and other documentation How does the existing LLP agreement provide for the admission of new members? Will there be a deed of adherence/accession? Will any changes be required to the terms of the existing LLP agreement? Are there any other agreements that will need altering, eg
PRACTICE NOTES
CASE HUB ARCHIVED—this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the withdrawal of the notification on 18 December 2023; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline. Case facts Outline European Commission merger investigation into the proposed acquisition of Figma, Inc. by Adobe Inc (M.11033). The transaction involves horizontal overlaps in relation to the supply of screen design software. Latest developments On 18 December 2023, Adboe Inc and Figma, Inc. announced they had reached a joint decision to abandon Adobe Inc’s proposed acquisition of Figma, Inc. in view of the Commission’s objections to the transaction. The notification was withdrawn on the same day. Parties • Adobe Inc (Adobe):Adobe is a US company that is headquartered in San Jose. It is a significant supplier of creative design software. Creative design software is used to create media assets such as photos,