Local government finance regime

This subtopic provides an overview of the local authority finance regime in terms of management and accounting that must be adhered to.

Local authority investment

Local authorities in England and Wales have extensive powers to borrow money and to make investments. How they do this is largely determined by the Local Government Act 2003 (LGA 2003) and statutory instruments issued under its powers.

A local authority may invest:

  1. for any purpose relevant to its functions under any enactment, or

  2. for the purposes of the prudent management of its financial affairs

In exercising investment, local authorities must have regard to the guidance issued by the Secretary of State.

Capital finance

Capital finance differs from revenue finance as revenue expenditure has to be met from current income whereas capital expenditure can be met by borrowing or capital receipts, and the costs can be spread over the period in which the benefits of the expenditure are expected to accrue.

The Prudential System is a comparatively simple framework that encourages investment in capital assets, which local government needs to improve services and relies on for accounting

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Latest Local Government News

Local Government weekly highlights—11 September 2025

This week's edition of Local Government weekly highlights includes: case analysis of R (AA) v Waltham Forest LBC, which sets out that judicial review is correct route to challenge section 189A plans under HA 1996; Chidswell Action Group v Kirklees Council, in which the court quashed planning permission where the section 106 agreement was not published pre-decision and Wild Justice v Pembrokeshire Coast NPA, in which the court quashed planning permission due to the authority's failure to publish a key ecological report. Case reports include R (AN) v Barking and Dagenham LBC, in which the court found the housing assessment breached statutory duties under HA 1996, CA 2004 and EqA 2010; R (Andrew Rickards) v East Hertfordshire DC, in which the court allowed a judicial review challenge of the LA's prior grant of approval to erect Green Belt polytunnels; R (Anaesthetists United Ltd) v GMC, in which the court rejected a judicial review application questioning whether GMC acted lawfully in implementing regulatory powers under Anaesthesia Associates and Physician Associates Order 2024 and A Local Authority v A Mother and others, in which the court rejected the LA care order applications in finding the parents' travel plans did not constitute unreasonable parenting. It also includes Ofsted's announcement of major changes to education inspection frameworks, the Education Committee's launch of an inquiry into early years sector reforms and further updates on Social housing, Healthcare, Public procurement, Education, Governance, Social care and Environmental law and climate change.

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