Confidential information

The law of confidentiality is often the best way of protecting trade secrets and valuable know-how where these are not otherwise adequately protected by other means (eg via intellectual property rights), or where using other types of protection is unattractive for commercial reasons.

Even if other types of rights exist (eg patent rights in the case of patented inventions), often the real value of an invention or new piece of technology does not lie just in the invention itself, but also in the associated know-how, training and guidance required to fully exploit it. Therefore, the law of confidentiality also helps to protect valuable information associated with (for instance) an invention, along with financial, customer and similar confidential information that a business holds.

Examples of items which might be considered confidential within a business include:

  1. commercial records such as price lists, customer lists, details of customers, suppliers, business partners and relationships with regulators or other third parties

  2. unpublished copyright works

  3. mathematical formulae and manufacturing techniques, processes, designs, drawings and engineering

  4. secure codes and algorithms

  5. personal employee information such as compensation arrangements, benefits, hours or work etc

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The construction of jurisdiction clauses in the context of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 and the mechanisms of service(Campeau v Gottex Real Asset Fund 1 (OE) Waste S.À.R.L)

Dispute Resolution analysis: This case considers a jurisdictional clause in the context of service under CPR 6.33(2B)(b), which allows service out of the jurisdiction where the defendant is party to a jurisdiction clause. There is no corresponding requirement for the claimant to be a party to that jurisdiction clause. The starting point is that jurisdiction clauses are not generally intended to concern disputes with third parties. However, that is no more than a starting point and one which can be departed from in appropriate cases. This was one such appropriate case whereby the circumstances and construction of the clause led to the finding that it did include the third party claimant’s (Mr Campeau) claim. While not strictly necessary given the judge’s findings in relation to the construction of the clause, Mr Justice Butcher considered that, where a jurisdictional clause was wide enough to encompass disputes from third parties, then it will likely also amount to a ‘relevant term’ for the purposes of section 1(4) of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 (C(RTP)A 1999). That meant that the third party, in seeking to enforce their rights under the SPA, was statutorily obliged to do so in England and so could rely upon CPR 6.33 (2B) (b) in that respect also. Written by Georgia Whiting, legal counsel (contentious construction) at Capita.

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