In contrast to calling party’s network pays (CPNP), this term denotes an interconnection arrangement in which the carriers exchange traffic on a negotiated basis, generally without paying interconnection charges. Each carrier bills its own customers for the traffic and keeps the resulting revenue. Also known as 'sender keeps all' interconnection.

Lord Clement-Jones has introduced to the House of Lords a Bill aimed at regulating the use of algorithms and automated decision-making within public sector bodies. Effective six months after enactment, the Bill would require public authorities in England and Wales to complete algorithmic impact assessments and transparency records before deploying these systems, ensuring fair, transparent, and accountable use. The Bill, however, excludes national security and basic calculation systems from its scope. The second reading has yet to be scheduled.

The Litigation Funding Agreements (Enforceability) Bill has been introduced into the House of Lords on 19 March 2024 for the first reading. The Bill aims to amend section 58AA of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 to make provision about the enforceability of litigation funding agreements. If implemented, the Bill will reverse the Supreme Court’s ruling in R (on the application of PACCAR Inc) v Competition Appeal Tribunal [2023] UKSC 28, which rendered litigation funding agreements unenforceable by making them damages-based agreements. The amendment will have retrospective effect. The second reading of the Bill is on 15 April 2024.

The government has introduced the Representation of the People Bill, which contains a range of provisions to update UK electoral law and modernise the UK electoral system. Key updates include measures to: lower the voting age to 16, improve voter registration processes, address inconsistencies in voter ID requirements, expand and strengthen existing rules on political donations and campaign finance, tackle harassment and intimidation of electoral candidates and extend the role and powers of the Electoral Commission (EC).

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note provided information on the Bill of Costs pilot scheme which came to an end on 30 September 2017. This Practice Note is therefore for historical purposes only. For current information on detailed assessment, see: Detailed assessment—overview. This Practice Note covers a pilot scheme set out in old Practice Direction 51L which ran from 1 October 2015 to 30 September 2017. The pilot scheme applied to detailed assessment proceedings in the Senior Courts Costs Office (SCCO) and was voluntary. Why is the bill of costs changing? The system for producing a Bill of Costs did not engage with the technological advances available and could easily be produced from the time recording made by solicitors throughout the time working on a litigation matter. In addition, since the introduction of the costs budgeting regime other issues have arisen, such as the fact that there is no requirement to set out how the Bill of Costs complies with the last approved budget. Jackson's final costs report, prior to the introduction of costs

A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay a sum certain to a specified person or to the bearer.

A written accusation of a crime against one or more persons—a criminal trial in the Crown Court cannot start without a valid indictment.

A bill of lading is a receipt signed by the person or his agent who contracts to carry certain specified goods, and setting out the terms of the contract of carriage under which the goods have been delivered to and received by the ship.

The document often provided by a contractor setting out prices against units and items.

A bill of rights is an instrument that sets out fundamental rights and freedoms and limits on state power, typically with constitutional or quasi‑constitutional status and enforceable in court. In UK and Irish legal practice it usually refers to a written catalogue of civil, political and sometimes social rights binding public authorities and informing judicial review and constitutional litigation.In the United Kingdom, the term is used descriptively rather than as a defined concept in legislation. The Human Rights Act 1998 functions as a de facto bill of rights for England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland by incorporating the European Convention on Human Rights and requiring courts to interpret legislation compatibly so far as possible, and enabling remedies for unlawful acts by public authorities.In Ireland, the Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann), particularly Articles 40–44, operates as a constitutional bill of rights, directly enforceable by the courts and capable of rendering inconsistent legislation invalid.The term is also used in comparative constitutional law, human rights practice and law reform debates (for example, proposals for a UK Bill of Rights) when analysing rights‑protection frameworks, constitutional amendment and the hierarchy of legal norms.

A bill of sale is a written document recording the transfer of ownership of identifiable movable property from a seller to a buyer, usually for a stated price. In commercial practice it is used to evidence title, clarify the assets sold and allocate risk, particularly where delivery or payment is deferred.Across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, the basic concept is consistent, but the formal legal treatment differs. In England and Wales, and to a lesser extent in Northern Ireland, “bill of sale” is also a technical term under the Bills of Sale Acts, referring to security over personal chattels granted by individuals; these instruments are heavily regulated, require prescribed form and registration, and are distinct from simple sale documents. In Ireland, the Bills of Sale (Ireland) Acts perform a similar security function.In Scotland, security over moveables is governed by different doctrines and recent statutory reform, so “bill of sale” is usually understood in a non‑technical, descriptive sense as a document evidencing sale.Practitioners use bills of sale in asset sales, transfers of business equipment, vehicles, ships and other chattels, often alongside warranties, title undertakings and completion mechanics.

A bill quia timet is an equitable claim used to prevent threatened harm before it occurs, typically by seeking an injunction or declaratory relief where a future legal or equitable right is in real and immediate danger. The phrase (Latin for “because he fears”) survives mainly in case law and commentary, rather than in statute, across England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland.In modern practice, a quia timet action is brought where there is a sufficiently strong probability of future injury to justify the court’s intervention now, such as anticipated breach of contract, nuisance, trespass, intellectual property infringement or dissipation of assets. The claimant must usually show a serious risk of harm, that damages later would be inadequate, and that relief is needed to prevent rather than compensate loss.In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the concept is embedded in the equitable jurisdiction of the High Court, particularly in applications for prohibitory or mandatory injunctions. In Scotland, similar preventative relief is available through interdict and related remedies. In Ireland, quia timet injunctions are well recognised in common law and constitutional litigation. Across all four jurisdictions, the term is a descriptive label rather than a formal procedural category.