The international employment law guide for Cyprus is presented in a Q&A format. The questions are set out below. Please note that this guide is from the 2016 edition. The 2019 edition does not include an updated guide for this country. The guide can be accessed by clicking on the hyperlink immediately below: The questions raised in the guide Legislation and agencies • What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? • Is there law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories regulated under the law? • What are the primary government agencies or other entities responsible for the enforcement of employment statutes and regulations? Worker representation • Is there any legislation mandating or allowing the establishment of a workers council or workers' committee in the workplace? Background and information on applicants • Are there any restrictions or prohibitions against background checks on applicants? Does it make a difference if an employer conducts its won checks or hires a third party? • Are they any restrictions or prohibitions

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Denmark published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: September 2022). Authors: Norrbom Vinding—Yvonne Frederiksen 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? In Denmark, there is no general employment act covering all employees in the labour market. The employer-employee relationship is, therefore, governed by a mixture of statutes, collective agreements and individual employment contracts between the parties. Danish employment regulation can be divided into two main categories: collective agreements and legislation on salaried employees (white-collar employees). A large part of the Danish workforce is covered by a collective agreement. The collective agreements, which are concluded by trade unions and employer organisations, lay down terms of employment and pay, typically governing hours of work, minimum pay, notice periods, etc. As a result, employment conditions are to a wide extent regulated by collective agreement. The Danish Salaried Employees Act covers a large number of employees in the private and public sectors, but only

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Finland published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: April 20232). Authors: Kalliolaw Asianajotoimisto Oy—Pekka Kiviniemi; Kalliolaw Asianajotoimisto Oy—Anni Santanen 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? The main statutes are: • the Employment Contracts Act (55/2001); • the Working Hours Act (872/2019); • the Collective Agreements Act (436/1946); • the Act on Cooperation within Undertakings (1333/2021); • the Occupational Safety and Health Act (738/2002); • the Occupational Health Care Act (1383/2001); • the Act on the Occupational Safety Personnel Register (1039/2001); • the Act on the Protection of Privacy in Working Life (759/2004); • the Annual Holidays Act (162/2005); • the Workers' Compensation Act (459/2015); • the Trade Secrets Act (595/2018); • the Security Clearance Act (726/2014); • the Non-discrimination Act (1325/2014); • the Act on Posting Workers (447/2016); • the Aliens Act (301/2004); and • the Young Workers' Act (998/1993). 2. Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Kazakhstan published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: April 2022). Authors: Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP—Aset A. Shyngyssov; Asem B. Bakenova; Aida Akhmetova 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? The main statutes relating to employment are: • the Kazakhstan Constitution, which sets out the basic rights relating to employment; • the Labour Code, which regulates employment and related matters, social partnerships, safety and protection of labour; • the Employment Law, which regulates, inter alia, foreign labour engagement and employer's social responsibilities; and • the Normative Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 9 'On Certain Matters of Application of the Legislation while Considering Labour Disputes by the Courts', dated 6 October 2017. There are various other laws and normative acts that regulate specific labour-related matters. For example, the Law on Migration regulates aspects of entry of foreign labour, Government Regulation No. 559 of 27 June

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Monaco published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: April 2022). Authors: CMS Pasquier Ciulla Marquet Pastor Svara & Gazo—Sophie Marquet 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? There is no unified employment law in Monaco. Employment rules are old (most of them date back to the 1950s and 1970s) and are spread across different laws that deal with different employment issues. These provisions are related to individual employment situations (eg, hiring, employment contracts, dismissal indemnities, paid holidays, work duration and parental leave, etc), collective matters (eg, staff representatives, trade unions and collective dismissal, etc) and entities in charge of employment regulation (eg, Labour Inspectorate, Office of Occupational Medicine, Labour Court and employment commissions, etc). Beyond these legal provisions, employment rules are mainly based on case law. 2. Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? Law No. 1,457 of

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Norway published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: April 2022). Authors: Homble Olsby | Littler—Tore Lerheim; Ole Kristian Olsby 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? Most employment contracts are regulated by the Working Environment Act. For employees in the central government sector, the Civil Service Act of 2017 contains specific rules on, inter alia, protection against dismissals. Collective agreements are an important part of employment regulation in Norway. The rules governing collective agreements and collective labour relations in Norway are found mainly in the Labour Disputes Act and the Public Service Labour Disputes Act. Other important statutes relating to employment include: • the Vacation Act; • the National Insurance Act; • the Personal Data Act; and • the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act. 2. Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? The Working Environment Act and

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Poland published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: October 2021). Authors: BKB Baran Książek Bigaj—Daniel Książek; Paweł Krzykowski; Wojciech Bigaj 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? The Labour Code is the primary source of labour law in Poland. Under the Labour Code (https://dziennikustaw.gov.pl/DU/rok/2020/pozycja/1320), the term 'labour law' includes the provisions of the Labour Code and other acts of law and implementing provisions that define the rights and obligations of employers and employees, as well as the provisions of collective bargaining agreements and other collective arrangements, and regulations and charters based on the Labour Code that set out the rights and obligations of the parties to an employment relationship. 2. Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? The Labour Code explicitly prohibits discrimination and harassment in employment. With regard to the prohibition of discrimination,

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Portugal published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: October 2021). Authors: Morais Leitão, Galvão Teles, Soares da Silva & Associados—Joana Almeida 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? The main statutes and regulations relating to employment are the Labour Code, approved by Law No. 7/2009, of 12 February 2009, and the Labour Code Regulation, approved by Law No. 105/2009, of 14 September 2009, both as amended. Specific areas of regulation (eg, health and safety at work, work accidents and occupational diseases and labour misdemeanours) and special types of contract of employment (eg, work from home, sports work, work in ports or on board, showbusiness and domestic service) are governed by specific statutes. 2. Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? Discrimination and harassment in employment are forbidden by law, on general and specific levels:

The international employment law guide for Slovakia is presented in a Q&A format. The questions are set out below. Please note that this guide is from the 2019 edition. The 2020 edition does not include an updated guide for this country. The guide can be accessed by clicking on the hyperlink immediately below: The questions raised in the guide Legislation and agencies • What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? • Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? • What are the primary government agencies or other entities responsible for the enforcement of employment statutes and regulations? Worker representation • Is there any legislation mandating or allowing the establishment of employees’ representatives in the workplace? • What are their powers? Background information on applicants • Are there any restrictions or prohibitions against background checks on applicants? Does it make a difference if an employer conducts its own checks or hires a third party? • Are there any restrictions or prohibitions

The international employment law guide for Spain is presented in a Q&A format. The questions are set out below. Please note that this guide is from the 2018 edition. The 2019 edition does not include an updated guide for this country. The guide can be accessed by clicking on the hyperlink immediately below: The questions raised in the guide Legislation and agencies • What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? • Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? • What are the primary government agencies or other entities responsible for the enforcement of employment statutes and regulations? Worker representation • Is there any legislation mandating or allowing the establishment of employees’ representatives in the workplace? • What are their powers? Background information on applicants • Are there any restrictions or prohibitions against background checks on applicants? Does it make a difference if an employer conducts its own checks or hires a third party? • Are there any restrictions or prohibitions

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in Turkey published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: April 2022). Authors: Bozoglu Izgi Attorney Partnership—Mehmet Feridun İzgi; Necdet Can Artuz; Simge Kublay; Mehmetcan Tugrul Demir 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? The most fundamental regulations of labour law in Turkey are contained in the following primary legalisation and their respective secondary legislation: • Constitution of the Republic of Turkey; • Labour Law No. 4857; • Maritime Labour Law No. 854; • Law on the Regulation of Relationships Between Employees and Employees in the Profession of the Press No. 5953; • Unions and Collective Bargaining Law No. 6356; • Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098; • Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331; • Labour Courts Law No. 7036; • Social Security and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510; • Unemployment Insurance Law No. 4447; and • National and Public Holidays Law No. 242. 2. Is there any law prohibiting

This Practice Note contains a jurisdiction-specific Q&A guide to labour and employment in United Kingdom published as part of the Lexology Getting the Deal Through series by Law Business Research (published: April 2022). Authors: Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP—Lee Harding; Matthew Howse 1. What are the main statutes and regulations relating to employment? The main statutes relating to employment are the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 and the Equality Act 2010. There are also several other employment laws and regulations in the United Kingdom. Although employment law in Scotland and Northern Ireland is very similar to that which applies in England and Wales, there are some differences, particularly in Northern Ireland concerning discrimination law. 2. Is there any law prohibiting discrimination or harassment in employment? If so, what categories are regulated under the law? In the United Kingdom, anti-discrimination legislation in the form of the Equality Act 2010 prohibits discrimination across nine protected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race (which