HMRC has announced that David Greenhalgh and Christos Farmakis have each been sentenced to 16 years’ imprisonment for illegally brokering the supply of controlled military goods to conflict zones, including Sudan, South Sudan and Libya, without the licences required under UK trade controls. The offences involved the brokering of combat aircraft, surface-to-air missile systems, anti-tank missiles and assault rifles between 2009 and 2016. HMRC’s investigation found that the defendants used forged end-user certificates to conceal the intended destinations of the weapons and routed transactions through overseas companies in attempts to place the transactions beyond UK jurisdiction and evade detection. Greenhalgh and Farmakis were convicted at Southwark Crown Court on 11 June 2026 of offences under the Export Control Order 2008 and were sentenced on 23 September 2026. HMRC noted that, as a UK national, Greenhalgh remained subject to UK trade controls when conducting business overseas. Farmakis was tried and sentenced in his absence, and HMRC is working with international partners to bring him to the UK.