The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has fined Mako Financial Markets Partnership LLP (Mako) £1,662,700 for failing to maintain effective systems and controls to prevent financial crime and for not adequately applying existing policies and procedures, breaching FCA Principles 2 and Principle 3. This case concludes the FCA's investigations into cum-ex trading, with fines totalling over £30m. Between December 2013 and November 2015, Mako executed over-the-counter equity trades worth approximately £68.6bn in Danish equities and £23.6bn in Belgian equities on behalf of Solo Group clients, earning £1.45m in commissions. The circular nature of these trades suggested financial crime, aimed at arranging withholding tax reclaims in Denmark and Belgium. Mako also failed to identify red flags in other transactions related to the Solo Group, resulting in a €2m loss for the Solo Group’s controller and increased money laundering risks. Mako's failure to spot these issues made it vulnerable to financial crime.