A common way of expressing company profits – dividing the profits after tax by the number of shares in issue. Earnings per share is the basis for the calculation of the P/E ratio.

EPS is calculated by dividing the net profits attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue, in accordance with International Accounting Standard 33 (IAS 33), which requires UK listed companies that are holding companies to report on and calculate figures for EPS, and Financial Reporting Standard 22, which was introduced to converge with the provisions of IAS 33, for companies not required to report in accordance with International Accounting Standards. EPS is a significant concept in connection with a share buyback. Where a buyback enhances EPS, this will improve the company's P/E ratio (ie, the profits attributable to each equity share), which is calculated by dividing a company's share price by its EPS. The P/E ratio will be lower and, all other factors remaining constant, this should lead to an increase in the company's share price.

The period of a regular premium contract over which the initial commission is deemed to be earned.

This case tracker summarises key authorities on earnings related damages in personal injury claims arising from abuse. It sets out the case name and citation, the reasons for the award and the sum awarded. It also provides an indication of the present day equivalent value of awards, adjusted for inflation to early 2026, to assist practitioners in valuing abuse claims. The cases in this case tracker are listed from the lowest to highest value (present day equivalent value adjusted to early 2026). See our RPI Inflation calculator RPI Inflation to update quantum awards for inflation. This Practice Note should be read in conjunction with Practice Notes: Quantum in abuse claims and General damages and aggravated damages in abuse cases—case tracker. Case Basis of award Award RPI adjusted (February 2026) AXB v Hossam Metwally [2023] EWHC 2470 (KB)(Oct 23) —Claimant’s injuries meant it was difficult to leave home—Had been working entirely from home—Was vulnerable on the open labour market given her difficulties leaving

The earnings per share divided by the current share price. This is the inverse of the price/earnings (P/E) ratio.

Equipment on earth that can transmit or receive satellite communications. In general usage, this term refers to receive-only stations.

A right to use land in a particular way that does not confer a right to take the fruits of the land or a right to possession.

An easement by prescription is a right to use another person’s land that arises through long, uninterrupted, and non‑permissive use, rather than by express grant or deed. In practice, it commonly concerns rights of way, drainage, services or light exercised over neighbouring land.In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, prescriptive easements are primarily governed by common law, the doctrine of lost modern grant and, for certain rights, the Prescription Act 1832. The user must usually show continuous use “as of right” (without force, secrecy or permission) for a substantial period, often at least 20 years, and that the use is sufficiently definite and certain.In Ireland, similar principles apply under common law and the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009, as amended, which modernises prescription and sets statutory user periods for acquiring easements and profits à prendre.In Scotland, analogous rights are generally positive servitudes acquired by prescription under the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973, requiring open, peaceable and uninterrupted use for 20 years.Easements by prescription are significant in property transactions, boundary disputes and development projects, and require careful investigation in due diligence and title reporting.

Property analysis: Sam Laughton, barrister at Ten Old Square Chambers, points out that the decision in Taurusbuild Ltd and others v McQue appears to be the first time a court has suggested that, when an owner of two adjoining properties grants a mortgage over one of them, easements can be implied in favour of the mortgagee over the non-mortgaged land under the rule in Wheeldon v Burrows.

Drafting — Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009 The Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009 (PAA 2009) effectively disapplies the rule against perpetuities from future easements granted on or after 6 April 2010. This means that the draftsman creating the grant of the right need not be concerned to specify a perpetuity period within which the grant must vest (ie take effect). That being said, many grantors still choose to specify a perpetuity period so that they may have the certainty of knowing that the easement is no longer relevant if it does not vest within the specified period. Any restrictions specified in the grant itself in relation to the exercise of the easement, will, of course, still apply. Due diligence — future easements The perpetuity rule continues to apply to easements granted before 6 April 2010. The rule is not an issue if the subject matter of the easement already exists at the date of grant. For example, the rule has no application to an easement to use existing service media. However, if an easement is granted to use (employing

In order to show that an easement has been abandoned, the servient owner must show that the dominant owner had a clear and fixed intention never to: • exercise the right again on their own behalf, or • attempt to pass the right to anyone else Abandonment where the original use has become impossible An easement can be presumed abandoned if it is attached to a particular user and that user is no longer possible (for example, if the building to which the easement is attached is demolished). For this principle to apply the dominant land must have undergone a 'radical change in character' or a 'change in identity'. Further, following the Court of Appeal decision in McAdams Homes v Robinson the court must consider whether the use of the redeveloped site would result in a substantial increase or alteration of the burden on the servient land. For further guidance, see Practice Note: Easements—interpreting the use and extent. If the alteration to the dominant land makes the current enjoyment of the right impossible and clearly demonstrates

Section 62 of the Law of Property Act 1925 (LPA 1925) (section 62) is, in essence, a word-saving device. However, it can also operate on a conveyance of part to convert a permission (eg to use an area for car parking) into an indefeasible right. Deemed inclusion of rights Section 62 provides that every 'conveyance' of land is deemed to include and operates to convey, with the land: • all ways, waters, watercourses, liberties, privileges, easements, rights and advantages • appertaining or reputed to appertain to the land, or • at the time of the conveyance, demised, occupied or enjoyed with or reputed or known as part and parcel or appurtenant to the land or any part of it A conveyance of land with buildings on it includes: • all ways, passages, lights, watercourses, liberties, privileges, easements, rights and advantages whatsoever • appertaining or reputed to appertain to the land or buildings, or any part of it or them, or • at the time of conveyance, demised, occupied or enjoyed with or reputed or