Written report, prepared and signed by the scheme actuary, on developments affecting the scheme's technical provisions since the last actuarial valuation.

The Occupational Pension Schemes (Disclosure of Information) Regulations 1996 (SI 1996/1655) require the scheme actuary to include an actuarial statement in the annual report of a defined benefit scheme. It must include the amounts necessary to be paid into the scheme in order to protect the security of members' rights and must state the actuarial method and assumptions used.

Actuarial tables are statistical tables used in legal practice to estimate life expectancy, future loss, or the present value of future payments, based on mortality and other actuarial data. They are commonly used in personal injury, clinical negligence, fatal accident and insurance litigation to quantify future loss of earnings, pension loss, care costs and other long‑term heads of loss.In England and Wales, the Ogden Tables (produced by the Government Actuary’s Department) are the principal actuarial tables for assessing multipliers in personal injury and fatal accident claims, and are heavily relied on in case law, though not strictly binding. Similar actuarial and mortality tables are referred to in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, often alongside judicial guidance and local practice on discount rates and multipliers.Actuarial tables assist courts, solicitors and counsel in producing consistent, evidence‑based valuations, and are frequently used with expert actuarial or forensic accounting evidence. Their use interacts with statutory regimes on discount rates (for example under damages legislation) and with principles on mitigation, contingencies and standard of proof. Across the UK and Ireland, the concept and purpose of actuarial tables are broadly consistent, though specific tables, discount rates and judicial approaches differ by jurisdiction.

A report on the financial position of a defined benefit scheme carried out by an actuary.

A scheme actuary is required by law to produce a detailed report at least every three years which features a formal, accurate valuation of the scheme's technical provisions and its discontinuance valuation. Once issued, trustees will normally initiate a review of contribution levels.

Law360: Most consulting actuaries do not believe that there should be a level at which defined benefit (DB) scheme trustees are required to release surplus funds tied up in their plans, in line with measures announced by the government, the Association of Consulting Actuaries (ACA) said on 7 July 2025.

A professionally qualified person trained and specialising in risk, statistics and finance who gives advice on investment, life and general insurance and pension business.

All the elements of a criminal offence except the accused's mental element.

A short, intensive exposure (less than one day) to radiation or to toxic substances which can result in severe biological harm or death.

If an advertiser breaches the UK Code on Advertising, Direct Marketing and Sales Promotions, the Committee on Advertising Practice can issue alerts to its members, including the media, advising them to withhold services such as access to advertising space.

This Practice Note discusses ad hoc arbitration in China under Chinese law. China International Commercial Court. For a general introduction to ad hoc arbitration, see Practice Note: Ad hoc arbitration—an introduction to the key features of ad hoc arbitration. Requirement to provide an administering institution Arbitration in China is governed by the Arbitration Law (promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, 31 August 1994, effective 1 September 1995, and revised in 2009, 2017 and 2025) (the Arbitration Law). The Arbitration Law requires parties to an arbitration agreement to select an institution in their arbitration agreement to manage the parties’ proceeding (Arbitration Law, art 16). This provision in the Arbitration Law has been interpreted to invalidate awards issued in ad hoc arbitration proceedings, namely, arbitration managed without an institution. (Note that Chinese courts do not recognise precedent so there is no case law on this point with binding authority.) However, the requirement that arbitration be managed by an arbitral institution has not been

An ad hoc arbitration is any arbitration in which the parties have not selected an institution to administer the arbitration. This offers parties flexibility as to the conduct of the arbitration, but less external support for the process. It can be quicker than institutional arbitration but not if the parties run into difficulties with the appointment or conduct of the tribunal. Many parties and lawyers are used to it and do not consider that an institution would add value to their arbitrations. Arbitration clauses may be amended after a dispute has arisen, or even after an arbitration has been commenced, in order to remove the proceedings from the hands of an institution and have them conducted on an ad hoc basis instead. Without an institution to oversee the appointment of the tribunal under its rules, the parties may agree upon an appointing authority in case their appointment procedure should fail for any reason. This may be an arbitral institution, a local law society or other trade or professional