Cross-border co-operation

Mechanisms for co-operation

Following the loss of the main operative parts of the EU Recast Regulation on Insolvency, Regulation (EU) 848/2015 (see Practice Note: Brexit—impact on Recast Regulation on Insolvency) and Brussels I (recast) (see Practice Note: E&W Brussels I (recast)—application and exclusions) following Brexit (see Practice Note: EU collection—Restructuring and Insolvency), the UNCITRAL Model law on cross-border insolvency (see Practice Note: UNCITRAL Model Laws—overview) and the following provisions can also assist with co-operation between foreign courts and/or foreign office-holders:

  1. comity (under the English courts' general common law powers)

  2. section 426 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986)

  3. cross-border protocols

  4. cross-border guidelines

  5. Insolvency judgments and the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 (FJ(RE)A 1933)

For a comparison of the tools, see Practice Note: List of available cross-border insolvency and restructuring tools by country worldwide. For a handy checklist, see: Cross border considerations—checklist and Inbound proceedings—foreign insolvency practitioner seeking recognition in the UK.

For details of how EU Member States recognise insolvency proceedings in third party countries

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Insolvency, declarations of trust, loan agreements, artificial asset protection, sham transactions, transactions defrauding creditors, interspousal asset transfers, change of position defence and wife’s entitlement to share of husband’s assets (Sayers v Dixon)

Restructuring & Insolvency analysis: The court held that six declarations of trust (DoTs) executed by the transferor (Mr Dixon) in favour of his wife (Mrs Dixon) constituted transactions defrauding his creditors within the meaning of section 423 of the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986) and that two of them, purporting to transfer all his future assets and income to Mrs Dixon, along with an accompanying loan agreement, were shams which were void and ineffective. It set aside the DoTs and ordered Mrs Dixon to restore the value of three transferred properties (which had been converted into £551,589 cash) to Mr Dixon’s trustees in bankruptcy (trustees) together with interest of £101,726. It also ordered an account to be taken of the funds that had been transferred to Mrs Dixon or on her behalf by Mr Dixon over the seven years between the date of the DoTs and his bankruptcy. The court dismissed Mrs Dixon’s defence of change of position to the trustees’ claim for restoration, finding that even if such a defence were generally available (which is unclear), she had not acted in good faith and could not rely on it. It also dismissed her defence that, having been married to Mr Dixon for many years, she was entitled to half his assets and/or an entitlement to a share of them by virtue of a right to be maintained. Written by Jonathan Lopian, barrister at New Square Chambers, who acted for the successful claimants.

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