Introduction to free trade agreements

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This subtopic provides an overview of free trade agreements. It is aimed at lawyers who need a high-level overview of the legal framework. This subtopic contains the following guidance:

  1. •

    Practice Note:Introduction to free trade agreements

  2. •

    Practice Note: Free Trade Comparator

  3. •

    Practice Note: The Windsor Framework—trade between Northern Ireland, the UK and EU

  4. •

    Practice Note: Health certification for medium-risk animals, plants and products and high-risk food

  5. •

    Practice

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Latest International Trade News

Secretary of State accepts TRA recommendation to maintain anti-dumping duties on Russian ammonium nitrate

The Secretary of State for Business and Trade has accepted the Trade Remedies Authority (TRA)’s final recommendation to maintain existing anti-dumping measures on imports of ammonium nitrate from Russia for a further five years. The duties will remain at their current levels, ranging from £24,085 to £27,374 per tonne. The TRA concluded that both dumping and injury to the UK production industry, which employs approximately 500 people, would be likely to recur if the measures were removed, and that maintaining the measures is in the UK’s wider economic interest. Ammonium nitrate is used as a fertiliser in agriculture and for industrial purposes, including mining.

WTO reports Australia initiates safeguard investigation on fabricated structural steel imports

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been notified by Australia that it has initiated a safeguard investigation into imports of fabricated structural steel to determine whether increased imports are causing, or threatening to cause, serious injury to the domestic industry. Australia indicated that the Productivity Commission will conduct the investigation and will issue an initial circular or issues paper outlining participation procedures and submission deadlines, which will be published on its website. Importers, exporters and other interested parties will be invited to submit evidence, present their views and respond to the submissions of other parties during the inquiry. The notification, circulated as document G/SG/N/6/AUS/5, states that any safeguard measure may only be applied if the investigation finds that increased imports are causing, or threatening to cause, serious injury.

TRA opens first UK expiry review into Turkish rainbow trout countervailing measure

The Trade Remedies Authority (TRA) has opened the UK’s first expiry review, concerning countervailing measure TS0002 on imports of certain rainbow trout from Turkey. The review follows an application from the British Trout Association (BTA) and will investigate whether subsidisation of the imports and injury to the UK industry, are likely to continue or recur if the measure were to expire. The TRA has assessed the BTA’s application and concluded that there is sufficient evidence to initiate the review in line with the World Trade Organization (WTO)’s trade remedies framework. Businesses affected by the investigation can register their interest on the public file by 6 February 2026. An online drop-in session is scheduled for 4 February 2026.

International Trade weekly highlights—22 January 2026

This week's edition of International Trade weekly highlights includes: the EU and Mercosur signing a partnership and interim trade agreement to strengthen economic and strategic relations, and the Trade Remedies Authority opening an anti-subsidy investigation into creamy/white limestone imports from Portugal.

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