Limitation

Limitation Act 1980

When seeking to bring a claim, it is important to ensure that it is brought within the time frames provided for under the Limitation Act 1980 (LA 1980). A failure to do so could enable a defendant to have a complete defence against the claim.

It is likewise important to know when the limitation period starts, the impact of its expiry and which party bears the burden of proof of showing whether the limitation period has expired.

For more information, see Practice Note: Limitation Act 1980—general application.

Amendments to statements of case

For specific guidance on the courts’ discretion to permit amendments to statements of case after the expiry of a limitation period pursuant to LA 1980, s 35, CPR 17.4 and CPR 19.6, see Practice Notes:

  1. Limitation—amendments to statements of case, set-offs and counterclaims

  2. Limitation—amending a party name and substituting or adding (joinder) of parties

  3. Limitation and amendments—illustrative decisions (pre-May 2025) [Archived]

Principal

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Latest Dispute Resolution News

Court of Appeal confirms narrow scope for post-limitation substitution in wrong defendant cases (Adcamp LLP v Office Properties)

Dispute Resolution analysis: The Court of Appeal has ruled that CPR 19.6(3)(b) does not permit substitution of defendants after expiry of the relevant limitation period where such substitution would change the essential facts necessary to establish liability against the substituted defendant. The claimants (respondents in the appeal) had issued proceedings against firms which had acquired the alleged wrongdoers, believing that any liabilities had been transferred. When it emerged (or was at least disputed) that liabilities had not been transferred, they sought to add or substitute the predecessor firm after limitation had expired. The Court of Appeal concluded that CPR 19.6(3)(b) was not engaged since the substitution would change the claim in substance, as an essential element of the case against the original defendant (the pleaded basis for the acquiring firm’s liability) would be replaced by the primary liability claim against the substituted defendant. It was, in effect, a different claim against a different party. The Court of Appeal was clear that any perceived harshness this might cause to claimants could not be mitigated by adopting a broad reading of CPR 19.6(3)(b). Rather, it considered the problem (if any) was caused by earlier binding Court of Appeal authority which had confined the ‘mistake’ gateway in CPR 19.6(3)(a) to errors of name (misnomer) and excluded cases of mistaken legal responsibility/liability (identity). Any solution, if required, would therefore be a matter for the Supreme Court.

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