Home / EFP / E-COMMERCE vol 13(3)

E-COMMERCE vol 13(3)

Stop drafting from scratch and work more productively.

Offering an unrivalled collection of non-litigation precedents for everything specialist and generalist practitioners are likely to encounter.

TAKE A FREE TRIAL

E-COMMERCE vol 13(3)

Back to full list

About this title—authors, overview

Commentary

1 Meaning of e-commerce

2 The commercial Internet

3 Global network

4 Connection to the Internet

5 Packet switching

6 Protocols and addressing

7 The World Wide Web

8 Applicable laws

9 The E-Commerce Directive

10 Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act

11 The Consumer Rights Directive (distance selling) and the ODR Regulation

12 Distance Marketing Directive (financial services)

13 The eIDAS Regulation (previously the Electronic Signatures Directive)

14 The ‘Brussels Regulation’: jurisdiction of disputes

15 The Rome I Regulation and Rome II Regulation: choice of law

16 The Electronic Communications Act 2000

17 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 and Investigatory Powers Act 2016

18 The General Data Protection Regulation

19 The UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018

20 The Freedom of Information Act 2000

21 The Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive

22 The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

23 Regulated activities

24 Arranging deals in investments

25 Advising on investments

26.1 Regime and exemptions generally

26.2 Authorised persons and the approval process

26.3 Communications directed at persons outside the United Kingdom

26.4 ‘Mere conduit’ exemption

27 Authorisation

28 International compliance

29 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development initiatives

30 Introduction to direct taxation

31 Residence

32.1 General principles

32.2 Permanent residence and the e-commerce environment (websites, hosting, ISPs and equipment)

32.3 Servers

32.4 Conclusion and anti-avoidance measures

33 Multi-jurisdictional trading

34 Overview of tax breaks in the United Kingdom

35 Enterprise management incentives

36 Business asset disposal relief and substantial shareholdings exemption

37 Enterprise investment scheme

38 Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme

39 Loss relief on disposal of unlisted shares in trading companies

40 Dividend regime

41 Characterisation of payments—considerations

42 Location of an Internet business

43 Corporate residence

44 Controlled foreign companies

45 Individuals

46 Indirect taxation and VAT

47 Taxable person

48 Exempt supplies

49 Goods or services

50 Place of supply of goods

51 Place of supply of services

52 Conclusions on taxation in relation to e-commerce

53 Introduction on European Union competition law

54 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—concept of ‘agreement’, prohibition and consequences of breach

55 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—horizontal agreements and vertical agreements

56 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—the ‘de minimis’ notice (agreements that do not have an appreciable effect on competition or trade between member states)

57 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—exemption—positive benefits

58 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—block exemption regulations

59 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—vertical block exemption

60 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—vertical block exemption regulation—the hardcore restrictions

61 Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—vertical block exemption regulation—guidelines on vertical restraints

62.1 European Commission guidelines

62.2 Business-to-business cases

63 Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

64.1 Mergers with a ‘Community dimension’

64.2 Merger control cases

65 Articles 34–36 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—quantitative restrictions on imports and exports

66 The Competition Act 1988 and the Enterprise Act 2002

67 De minimis United Kingdom competition law

68 Competition Act 1998 (Vertical Agreements Block Exemption) Order 2022

69 Competition and Markets Authority vertical guidance

70 Commercial agency agreements

71 Mergers

72 The Digital Markets Unit

73 E-commerce set-up projects

74 Introduction to the protection of confidential information

75 Law and practice

76 Proprietary rights

77 The equitable duty of confidence

78 The meaning of confidential information

79 Obligations of confidence

80 Unauthorised use

81 Injunction

82 Delivery up and destruction

83 Damages

84 Account of profits

85 Written confidentiality agreements

86 Contractual formalities

87 Duration of obligations

88 Definition of a ‘website’

89 Overview of intellectual property rights in websites

90 Copyright

91 Literary works

92 Artistic works

93 Sound recordings

94 Films

95 Broadcasts

96 Originality

97 Duration of copyright in literary works

98 Formalities

99 Infringement of copyright

100 Trade marks

101 Registered trade marks

102 Duration of registered trade marks

103 Unregistered trade marks

104 Patents—general

105 Patentability

106 Patents for software and business methods

107 Duration of patent protection

108 Formalities

109 Database rights—general

110 Definition of ‘database’

111 Database right

112 Duration of database right

113 Overview of website rights

114 Underlying functionality

115 Surface content

116 ‘Look and feel’

117 Ownership

118 Assignment or licence?

119 Practical considerations for websites

120 Assignment of copyright

121 Assignment of registered trade marks

122 Assignment of unregistered trade marks

123 Copyright

124 Registered trade marks

125 Unregistered trade marks

126 Warranties

127 Introduction to brand identity

128 Control of the project

129 Contract price and expenses

130 Overview of intellectual property rights

131 Third party rights in intellectual property

132 Clearance searches

133 Ownership of intellectual property

134 Websearch terms and trade mark issues

135 Confidentiality

136 Warranties and representations

137 Liability

138 Overview of website design

139 Graphical design

140 Supply of web pages

141 Navigational design

142 Technical design

143 Intellectual property rights

144 Sub-contracting

145 Project plan and specifications

146 Overview of website development

147 Scope of work

148 Commercial nature of agreement

149 Project management

150 Change control procedure

151 Testing and acceptance

152 Quality of deliverable

153 Timing of delivery

154 Additional services—training

155 Milestones and liquidated damages

156 Overview of liability of supplier

157 Liability and liquidated damages

158.1 General

158.2 Death and personal injury

158.3 Consequential loss

158.4 Financial caps

159.1 Application and provisions of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

159.2 Reasonableness—the guidelines

159.3 Written standard terms of business

160 Contra proferentem rule

161 Case law in relation to website development

162.1 Facts in Pegler v Wang

162.2 Decision in Pegler v Wang

163.1 Facts in South West Water v ICL

163.2 Decision in South West Water v ICL

164 Watford v Sanderson and Granville Oil and Chemicals Ltd v Davies Turner & Co Ltd

165 Typical web development warranties

166 Warranties as to quality

167 Warranties and indemnities as to intellectual property rights

168 Intellectual property rights

169 Third party software

170 Supplier software and new software

171 Escrow arrangements

172 Overview of website support

173 Standard of support

174 Hours of support and response times

175 Pricing of support

176 Excluded support

177 Liability provisions

178 How links work

179 Simple linking

180 In-line linking

181 Introduction to legal issues in connection with linking

182 Legal framework in relation to linking

183 Framing

184 Deep linking

185 Copyright

186 Trade marks and passing off

187 Database right, screen scraping and the draft EU Data Act

188 How to limit linking risks

189 Linking and advertising

190 Introduction to content licensing

191 Methods of delivery

192 Open or restricted access?

193 User-generated or operator generated?

194 À la carte or subscription?

195 Peer-to-peer or centralised?

196 Licensing structure

197 In-licence

198 Grant of rights

199 Licensor’s right to license

200 Territorial scope of licences

201 Digital rights management and security (‘DRM’ and ‘TPM’)

202 Format and delivery of content

203 Content availability

204 Presentation of content

205 Payment structures and records

206 Out-licences

207 Overview in relation to hosting

208 General features of hosting agreements

209 Equipment issues

210 Future requirements

211 Contract structure

212 Hosting agreements

213 Content

214 Licensing issues

215 Exclusions and indemnities

216 Variations to the hosting agreement

217 Termination rights in relation to a hosting arrangement

218 Uptime

219 Response and repair times for arrangements involving maintenance

220 Backups and security

221 Domain names

222 Domain names and their relationship to IP addresses

223 The domain name system

224 Top level domains

225 Country code top level domains (‘ccTLDs’)

226 Generic top level domains (‘gTLDs’)

227 Internationalised domain names

228 The advantage of registering a domain name

229 Pre-registration checks

230 Restrictions imposed by registries of gTLDs/ccTLDs

231 Restrictions imposed by Nominet UK

232 Checking the availability of domain names

233 Checking the conflict between domain names and existing trade marks/names

234 Direct registration and domain name registrars

235 Terms and conditions of registration of a domain name

236 Warranties and indemnities in respect of a domain name

237 Other registration formalities in relation to domain names

238.1 Contractual or proprietary right in domain names

238.2 Protecting related rights in relation to domain names

239 Agreements to transfer domain names

240 Effecting the transfer of domain names

241 Introduction to disputes in relation to domain names

242.1 Screening process in relation to domain names

242.2 Global access to domain names

242.3 Sharp practices in relation to domain names

243 Categories of domain name disputes

244 Cybersquatting and other related cases

245 Conflicting rights of trade mark owners

246 Domain name registries and alternative dispute resolution

247 ICANN’s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (‘UDNDRP’) for generic top level domains (‘gTLDs’)

248 Alternative dispute resolution for the ‘.eu’ country code top level domain (‘ccTLD’)

249 Nominet UK’s dispute resolution service

250 Nominet UK’s dispute resolution service procedure

251 ‘Abusive registration’

252 Trade mark searches

253 Trade mark registration

254 Trade mark use

255 Domain name portfolios

256 Electronic contracts

257 Subject matter of electronic contracts

258 Electronic contracts—business or consumer transactions

259 Definitions of a ‘consumer’

260 Dealing with a consumer

261 Definition of a ‘business customer’

262 Consumer protections laws and regulations in relation to electronic contracts

263 European Union consumer protections laws in relation to electronic contracts

264 Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013

265 Financial Services (Distance Marketing) Regulations 2004

266 Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002

267 Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008

268 Consumer Rights Act 2015

269 Other consumer protection provisions in the European Union

270 Extraterritoriality

271 Site structure

272 Advertising on websites

273 Export/import restrictions

274 Industry-specific regulations

275 Introduction to contract formation

276 Offer

277 Acceptance

278 Consideration

279 Intention to create legal relations

280 Overview of incorporation of terms

281 Email exchanges

282 Website exchanges

283 Information requirements

284 Changes to terms and conditions

285 Choice of law and jurisdiction

286 Contracts entered into before 17 December 2009 (Rome Convention)

287.1 Introduction

287.2 No derogation allowed

287.3 Freedom of choice of governing law

287.4 Rules to be applied in the absence of choice

287.5 Special rule for consumer transactions

288 Rome II Regulation

289 Implications for sellers

290 Jurisdiction for disputes

291 Recast Brussels Regulation

292 Use of a choice of law and jurisdiction clause

293 Liability of intermediaries on the Internet

294 Case law in relation to the liability of intermediaries on the Internet

295.1 Introduction to the Defamation Act 2013

295.2 Defences to defamation

295.3 To check or not to check posts before they appear?

295.4 Other provisions of the Defamation Act 2013

296 Legislative measures generally

297 Legislative measures in the United Kingdom—the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Section 97A

298 Steps to take by Internet service providers or bulletin board or chat room operator

299 Internet auctions—the contractual relationship

300 Other regulations in relation to Internet auctions

301 Scope of data protection and security

302.1 Overview

302.2 Structure of Part 5

303 UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018

304 The regulatory framework under UK GDPR

305 Damages claims

306.1 ‘Personal data’

306.2 ‘Controller’

306.3 ‘Processor’

306.4 ‘Data subject’

306.5 ‘Processing’

306.6 ‘Filing system’

306.7 ‘Special category data and genetic data’

306.8 ‘Biometric data’

306.9 ‘Data concerning health’

307 Territorial scope of UK GDPR

308 Overview of the data protection principles and obligations

309 The data protection principles

310 The first data protection principle—principle (a)

311 The sixth data protection principle—principle (f)

312 Data export rules

313 Standard contractual clauses for the transfer of personal data to third countries

314 Practical guidance for the transfer of personal data to third countries

315 Binding corporate rules

316 Compliance with all principles and rules

317 Overview of notification

318 Data protection notices

319 Location of data protection notices

320 Privacy policies

321 Contents of privacy policies

322 Drafting the privacy policy

323 Website registration forms

324.1 Direct marketing

324.2 Adtech and real time bidding

324.3 Data protection by design and data protection impact assessments

324.4 Marketing by email

324.5 Marketing by telephone

324.6 Marketing by fax

325 Overview of data processor agreements

326 Details required in a data processing agreement

327 Short-form data processing agreement

328 Long-form data processing agreement

329 Data sharing clauses (commercial agreements)

330 Relevance of privacy issues

Stop drafting from scratch and work more productively.

Offering an unrivalled collection of non-litigation precedents for everything specialist and generalist practitioners are likely to encounter.

EXISTING USER? SIGN IN TAKE A FREE TRIAL