For the purposes of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (the ‘Regulations’), Contractors are those companies and individuals who carry out construction work. This ‘hands-on’ role means that contractors are often those most at risk of suffering injury or otherwise damaging their health. The Regulations allow contractors to have a role in planning, managing and monitoring the construction work. The Regulations apply alongside the general duty which is placed on employers to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of employees and others affected by what they do and of employees to take reasonable care of their own health and safety and that of others which are set out in sections 2, 3 and 7 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Who is a Contractor? The Regulations provide a wide definition of ‘contractor'. It includes any person who manages or carries out construction work in the course of a business (including the self-employed). This definition could include those parties who hold other

The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (the ‘Regulations’) require that, on projects with more than one contractor, the client shall appoint a principal designer who is a designer on the project and who is in a position to have control over the design and planning stage (the pre-construction phase). The principal designer must be appointed as soon as is practicable and the appointment must be in writing. Who is the principal designer? The principal designer is an organisation, or an individual, that has the technical knowledge of the construction industry relevant to the project and who meets the competency requirements set out in regulation 8 of the Regulations. Regulation 8 requires that the principal designer must have the skills, knowledge and experience, and if they are an organisation, the organisational capability, necessary to fulfil the role in a manner that secures the health and safety of any persons affected by the project. Duties of the Principal Designer The duties of the principal designer are listed at regulation 11 of the Regulations.

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, SI 2015/51, (CDM 2015) govern the management of health, safety and welfare on construction projects in the UK. CDM 2015 has replaced the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007, SI 2007/320 (CDM 2007). CDM 2015 came into force on 6 April 2015. From that date, CDM 2007 and its associated Approved Code of Practice are no longer in force. On coming into force, CDM 2015 applied to both new and existing projects. However, from 6 April 2015 until 6 October 2015, transitional arrangements were in place which applied to certain projects already in progress, see Practice Note: CDM 2015—transitional provisions [Archived]. This Practice Note examines in detail how CDM 2015 compares to CDM 2007. For a summary of the differences, please see CDM Regulations 2015 vs CDM Regulations 2007 [Archived]. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has also published guidance on the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, which is intended to assist duty holders under

1 The Contractor shall act as the [principal designer and] principal contractor under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 SI 2015/51 (‘CDM Regulations’) for the Works.

1 The Consultant shall comply with all the obligations imposed on

Under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007, SI 2007/320, which dealt with all aspects of health and safety on construction projects, a CDM co-ordinator was required to be appointed to carry out various tasks and assist the client or employer to comply with the regulations. The 2007 regulations were replaced in April 2015 by the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, SI 2015/51, which abolished the role of the CDM co-ordinator (save for projects the subject of transitional provisions), introducing, in its place, the role of principal designer.

CDO is an acronym for ‘collateralised debt obligation’—a type of security issued by an special purpose vehicle (SPV) and secured on a portfolio of loans, bonds or other debt securities.

CDP and the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) has published a correspondence mapping, aligning CDP's question bank with the European Sustainability Reporting Standard E1 (ESRS E1). The mapping covers areas including climate change mitigation plans, emissions targets and internal carbon pricing. The tool aims to streamline reporting requirements under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) by enabling companies to identify overlapping disclosure requirements between the two frameworks. CDP, which covers two-thirds of global market capitalisation, will serve as a key ESRS market adoption partner.

The CDP, together with the Boston Consulting Group, has published a Scope 3 (corporate supply chain emissions) Upstream Report. The report highlights that upstream Scope 3 emissions are 26 times that of corporate operations emissions (Scope 1 and 2) combined, with supply chain emissions from manufacturing, retail, and materials sectors alone having a total footprint that is 1.4 times the total carbon dioxide emissions of the EU in 2022.

The Centre for Digital Public Services (CDPS) has published its 2025–26 report on digital planning services in Wales, commissioned by the Welsh Government. The report examines the entire householder planning application journey and provides recommendations in four key areas: policy and legislation; user experience; data and automation; and consistency among local planning authorities (LPAs).

swap'>Credit default swap—a contract where the protection seller agrees to pay the protection buyer (often the debtor company) a settlement amount on the occurrence of a certain Event of default (eg insolvency) in return for a premium.

ARCHIVED: this archived Practice Note is not maintained and is for background information purposes only. Further, some of the links may not direct you to the provisions as at the date the guidance in this Practice Note was published. NOTE: THIS PRACTICE NOTE PROVIDES GUIDANCE ON CHIEF MASTER MARSH'S PRACTICE NOTE DATED 8 SEPTEMBER 2014 ON THE CE FILE INTRODUCED TO THE CHANCERY DIVISION IN LONDON AS FROM 1 OCTOBER 2014 ONLY. GUIDANCE ON DEVELOPMENTS SINCE THAT TIME, INCLUDING IN RELATION TO THE ROLLS BUILDING MANDATORY E-WORKING SCHEME AND THE FEBRUARY 2016 REVISED EDITION OF THE CHANCERY GUIDE, CAN BE FOUND IN OTHER CONTENT, INCLUDING PRACTICE NOTES: Electronic working and CE-File—when and where is CE-File applicable?, Electronic working and CE-File—how to use CE-File AND Electronic communication and filing of documents by email—CPR PD 5B. AS SUCH, PLEASE BE AWARE THE CONTENT BELOW IS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ONLY. What is CE File? CE File is the system for creating and maintaining an electronic court file in place of the old paper file system