The tables below list completed appeals from UK competition regulators to the Competition Appeal Tribunal, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court in relation to market studies and market investigation references under the Enterprise Act 2002. For details of ongoing appeals, see UK competition appeals—ongoing cases tracker. For completed market studies and market investigation references, see UK market studies and market investigation references—closed cases tracker. Appeals to the Competition Appeal Tribunal Case (case number) Issues Latest development B&M European Value Retail S.A. v CMA (1301/6/12/18) Application for review, pursuant to section 179(1) of the EA 2002, of the CMA’s decision dated 01/11/2018 to designate B&M as a ‘Designated Retailer’ pursuant to Part 2, Article 4(1)(b) of The Groceries (Supply Chain Practices) Market Investigation Order 2009. B&M also challenges the CMA’s refusal on 11/12/2018 to de-designate the appellantSee application summary • Order made—13/05/2019; appeal withdrawn• Judgment given—13/05/2019; confirmation that the CAT has jurisdiction to hear case, and application for interim relief dismissed • Ruling given—28/03/2018; permission to intervene refused• Order made—28/03/2019; hearing set• Order made—01/03/2019; time for filing requests for permission to intervene

There are some markets where there may be no wrong-doing but, for some underlying reason, they are not working well for consumers. In these cases, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)

The tables lists recently completed CMA market studies and investigations, OFT market studies, Competition Commission market investigations and sectoral regulators' market studies under the Enterprise Act 2002. Completed reviews of undertakings accepted in old market studies and market investigation references are also included For ongoing market studies and investigations, see UK market studies and market investigation references—ongoing cases tracker. For details of appeals, see UK competition appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Phase 1 market studies and calls for information Market under investigation Competition authority Issues Latest development Heating oil market study CMA Market study into the heating oil sector • Final report published—15/07/2026• Review launched—20/03/3026 Civil engineering market study CMA Market study into the supply of railway and public road infrastructure by the civil engineering sector • Final report published—21/05/2026• Administrative timetable updated—02/03/2026• Interim report published—17/12/2025• Review launched—19/12/2025 Premium Finance market study FCA Market study into Premium Finance • Final report published—03/02/2026• Interim report published—22/07/2025• Review launched—16/10/2024 Infant formula and follow-on formula market study CMA Market study into infant formula and follow-on formula • Final report published—14/02/2025• Intention to publish

The below tracks all markets currently being investigated by the CMA and sectoral regulators under the Enterprise Act 2002. Reviews of undertakings accepted in old market studies and market investigation references are also included NOTE—This table only includes investigations which have been made public. NOTE—completed

This Practice Note summarises the law relating to marketing authorisation (MAs) for medicinal products to be placed on the market in the UK following the end of the Brexit transition period (11 pm (GMT) on 31 December 2020, referred to in UK law as ‘IP completion day’). It discusses: • exemptions from the requirement to have an MA (eg ‘specials’, investigational medicinal product (IMPs), early access to medicines scheme (EAMS)) • the different types of MA • the different licensing routes to obtain an MA in the UK, Great Britain (GB), or Northern Ireland (NI) (eg Northern Ireland Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Authorised Route (NIMAR), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (ILAP), unfettered access, 150-day accelerated national procedure, rolling review, the different routes for reliance on different types of EU authorisations now integrated into the International Recognition Procedure (IRP), Project Orbis and Access Consortium) • while addressing information on the implementation of the Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol as amended under the Windsor Framework, and • the different offences and penalties if the provisions

Law360: On 24 April 2025, the UK Serious Fraud Office (SFO) issued new guidance outlining key factors its prosecutors must weigh as they consider corporate enforcement actions, including whether to criminally charge companies or enter into deferred prosecution agreements (DPAs).

This Practice Note provides an overview of media content regulation in the UK. The main media regulators are as follows: Media Regulator Broadcasting (television and radio) Ofcom Press and magazines Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) Advertising Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) Cinema and video British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) Video on demand (VoD) Ofcom Video-sharing platforms (VSPs) Ofcom Social media platforms and search engines Ofcom Proposed reform This Practice Note provides guidance on the primary types of media regulation as they are currently in force. In June 2026, the government proposed a major overhaul of UK media policy, which would potentially widen the regulatory obligations applicable. The proposals are particularly apt in relation to television services, reflecting the government’s view that existing rules were designed for an era of traditional television and newspapers, whereas audiences now increasingly access news and entertainment through streaming services, social media and connected TVs. The proposals were introduced via the publication of a Green Paper, upon which the government opened a consultation. The

Life Sciences analysis: As anticipated, 2025 has proven to be a critical year in the UK’s journey towards a new medical devices regulatory regime post-Brexit (see our previous updates here and here). The Medicines and Medical Devices Act 2021 (MMDA 2021) conferred wide powers on the Secretary of State to introduce provisions amending or supplementing the existing rules. While we await details of the new draft core regulations, certain changes have already been implemented. The Life Sciences Team of Freshfields round-up some recent highlights, which are the result of various consultations by the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and which show the direction of travel.

This Practice Note is intended to be used for horizon scanning purposes to track the progress of UK regulatory developments in relation to establishing a new UK medical devices regulatory framework. It sets out the legislative proposals, consultations, key guidance, initiatives and other regulatory and governance developments relevant to medical devices in Great Britain (GB) (ie England, Scotland and Wales) and the UK. To track the progress of developments related to medical devices that involve AI or digital health (medical software and apps etc), see Practice Note: AI in life sciences and digital health tracker—UK. Horizon scanning overview The regulation of medical devices in the UK has entered a period of substantial reform following the UK’s departure from the EU. The Medicines and Medical Devices Act 2021 (MMDA 2021) conferred delegated powers to the government to amend the Medical Devices Regulations 2002 (UK MDR), SI 2002/618, thereby creating the legislative platform for an overhaul of the regulatory landscape. The reforms are designed to align broadly with international harmonised standards and the EU’s reforms

Life Sciences analysis: The UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)’s plans for reforming the medical devices regulatory framework post-Brexit have begun to take more concrete shape, with recent developments in the form of new Post Market Surveillance (PMS) regulations presented before Parliament in October 2024 and further consultation issued by the government concerning specific aspects of the new core regulations. 2025 will be a critical year, with the keystone draft ‘core’ legislation anticipated. Written by Harriet Hanks, counsel, Andrew Austin, partner, Emily Bloxsome and Honor May, associates, and Charlotte Case, trainee, of Freshfields LLP.

The tables below list completed appeals from UK competition regulators to the Competition Appeal Tribunal, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court in relation to the UK merger control rules under the Enterprise Act 2002. For details of ongoing appeals, see UK competition appeals—ongoing cases tracker. Appeals to the Competition Appeal Tribunal Case (case number) Issues Latest development Spreadex Limited v CMA (1753/4/12/25) Appeal against the CMA’s decision in Spreadex/Sporting Index (remittal), seeking the quashing of the decisionSee Application • Judgment given—19/03/2026; application dismissed• Lodged—17/10/2025 Aramark v CMA (1766/4/12/26) Application for an extension of time under Rule 25(3) of the CAT Rules 2015 to file a notice of application under section 120 of the Enterprise Act 2002 for review of the CMA’s decision in Aramark/Entier • Judgment given—10/03/2026; application dismissed• Lodged—20/12/2024 Spreadex Limited v CMA (1700/4/12/24) Appeal against the CMA’s decision in Spreadex/Sporting Index, seeking the quashing of the decision and referral back to the CMASee Application • Order made; remitted back to the CMA• Lodged—09/01/2025 Tereos SCA & Tereos UK & Ireland Limited v CMA (1638/4/12/24) Appeal against

Section 120 of the Enterprise Act 2002 introduced procedures for merging parties and other affected parties to challenge a merger decision of the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) or the Secretary of State to the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT). The CAT was set up as an independent competition specialist tribunal under section 12 of the Enterprise Act 2002 and its role includes hearing appeals from those able to establish the necessary standing in respect of decisions made by the CMA or the Secretary of State as the case may be. The CAT’s jurisdiction to review merger decisions is limited to reviewing the legality of the decision making process, rather than being an appeal on the merits. In reviewing merger decisions, the CAT will apply the same principles that are applied by a court on the application for judicial review. An action for judicial review gives a court the power to intervene on the grounds that the decision is unreasonable, the decision maker has misdirected itself or has treated the parties