A tenancy is an arrangement where a landlord grants a tenant the right to exclusive possession of land or premises for a period of time in return for rent or other consideration. It underpins most residential and commercial letting relationships.In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, tenancy is a form of leasehold estate, shaped by common law and extensive statute (for example, the Housing Acts and Landlord and Tenant Acts). Key features include exclusive possession, certainty of term (or a recognised periodic tenancy), and an obligation to pay rent. The distinction between a tenancy and a licence, especially for “service occupiers”, students or sharers, is frequently litigated.In Scotland, a similar concept exists but within a mixed legal system: residential and commercial tenancies are governed by specific legislation (including private residential tenancies and commercial lease rules) and Scots common law, while real rights arise through registration.In Ireland, tenancy likewise refers to a leasehold interest with exclusive possession, regulated by the Residential Tenancies Acts and Landlord and Tenant legislation.Across all jurisdictions, tenancy classification affects security of tenure, statutory protections, termination, repairing obligations, rent review and enforceability against successors.