A statement of facts is a written summary of the relevant factual background in a legal matter, set out in a clear, neutral and logically ordered form. It is used across civil, criminal and regulatory practice in England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, with broadly consistent meaning, though its form varies by context and court rules.The term is usually descriptive rather than a defined legislative concept. In litigation, a statement of facts may appear in pleadings, skeleton arguments, case summaries, applications for interim relief, appeal papers or agreed statements of fact for trial. In criminal practice it can describe an agreed narrative for plea, sentencing, or case management. In commercial and advisory work, it may form part of counsel’s opinion instructions, settlement agreements or regulatory submissions.Key features include: focus on facts rather than legal argument; inclusion of only material facts supported (or capable of being supported) by evidence; and clarity as to whether the facts are agreed, alleged or assumed. A carefully drafted statement of facts is critical for effective case preparation, efficient hearings, accurate judicial understanding and narrowing of issues in dispute.