A special verdict is a jury’s formal statement of specific findings, rather than a simple “guilty/not guilty” or “liable/not liable”, leaving the court to apply the law and enter judgment. In modern criminal practice in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the term most commonly denotes the statutory verdict “not guilty by reason of insanity”, returned where the insanity defence is proved; this triggers disposal powers such as a hospital order, supervision order or absolute discharge. In Ireland, the Criminal Law (Insanity) Act 2006 likewise provides for a special verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity with corresponding disposals. Scotland recognises an acquittal on account of mental disorder at the time of the act under the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, but the label “special verdict” is not generally used there.In civil jury trials (now rare in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Ireland, e.g. in defamation), a special verdict describes the jury answering specific questions of fact set by the judge; the court then applies the law to those findings. This is a descriptive common law expression, reflected in current procedural rules, and is used consistently across the jurisdictions, though civil juries are infrequent.