STOP PRESS: In March 2025, the government announced its intention to consolidate the Payment Systems Regulator and its functions primarily into the Financial Conduct Authority. The move is intended to streamline the regulatory environment, reduce overlap, and allow businesses to focus on innovation and service delivery. In September 2025, HM Treasury (HMT) issued a consultation on the proposed consolidation. The consultation proposed transferring the PSR’s responsibilities—including promoting competition and innovation in payment systems and supporting the interests of consumers and businesses—into the FCA’s framework under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000), or into a new part of FSMA 2000 where necessary. The government intends to retain the current designation regime to ensure regulation remains targeted and proportionate and confirms that no new categories of regulated persons would be introduced. The FCA would adopt objectives and powers equivalent to those currently held by the PSR, and oversight and accountability provisions would be adapted to reflect its expanded role. In a supporting statement, FCA executive director for payments and digital finance and