Note that additional commentary on the issues discussed in this Practice Note in the context of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition is available in the following textbook that we have published: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. This Practice Note is an introduction to low carbon hydrogen projects in the UK. It forms part of a series of Practice Notes on low carbon hydrogen projects, namely: • Low carbon hydrogen projects—UK revenue and funding support • Low carbon hydrogen projects—the Low Carbon Hydrogen Agreement (LCHA) This Practice Note explains why developers and investors may be interested in these projects; the different hydrogen production methods which affect how hydrogen is categorised by reference to a colour scheme; the use cases for low carbon hydrogen and the type of projects that are developing to accommodate them; some of the key barriers to the development of low carbon hydrogen projects in the UK; and the UK legal and regulatory framework for

Note that additional commentary on the issues discussed in this Practice Note in the context of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition is available in the following textbook that we have published: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. This tracker provides an overview of key developments and anticipated next steps in relation to low carbon hydrogen in Great Britain (GB) since the Ten Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution, which was published in November 2020. It outlines the policy and legislative developments led by Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) and its predecessor, the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), as well as those from the Welsh and Scottish governments to the extent that hydrogen policy is a devolved competency and relevant updates from Ofgem. The tracker covers a range of low carbon hydrogen policy initiatives, including the Hydrogen Production Business Model (HPBM), Hydrogen Transport and Storage Business Models (HTBM and HSBM), and

Note that additional commentary on the issues discussed in this Practice Note in the context of the regulation, consenting and incentivisation of the net zero energy transition is available in the following textbook that we have published: Collinson and Hockman on Energy Law: Regulating, Consenting and Incentivising the Energy Transition. This Practice Note provides an overview of the Low Carbon Hydrogen Agreement (LCHA), which forms the key pillar of the subsidy regime available for low carbon hydrogen production projects in the UK. It envisages project financing being sought for the project and, as such, includes issues relevant to project finance lenders, as well as hydrogen producers and other stakeholders. This Practice Note includes a detailed review of the LCHA’s structure; its purpose; eligibility criteria; the key parties involved; payment streams (including the Difference Amount, Price Discovery Incentive and Sliding Scale Top-Up Amount); the key terms and commercial considerations for low carbon hydrogen producers and project finance lenders; the legal basis of the scheme; and whether LCHA revenue

This is an annually revised amount used to determine if employees on low earnings should be deemed to be earning at least the low earnings threshold, and so earn state second pension credits. In the case of low earners, individuals earning less that the low earnings threshold, but more than the lower earnings limit, will be treated for state pension purposes as if they had earnings equal to the low earnings threshold.

A broadcast service that permits program origination, subscription service, or both via low powered television translators. Low Power Television service includes the existing translator service and operates on a secondary basis to regular television stations. Transmitter output is limited to 1000 watts for a UHF station, 10 watts for a normal VHF (very high frequency) station, and 100 watts when VHF operation is on an allocated channel.

The scheme whereby a customer with a low call bills gets a discount on line rental.

Introduction Motor insurers have adopted and developed a strategy for identifying and dealing with road accident personal injury claims, particularly whiplash injury claims, which appear to arise from collisions at low speed. Typically, such collisions will have occurred when: • the two or more vehicles involved were moving at low speed or, less commonly, their contact was by way of a glancing blow or nudge • one vehicle was stationary and another vehicle collided with it (often the rear) at very low speed The defendant’s insurers, if they identify it as an appropriate case, may defend on the basis that: • it is not possible to suffer whiplash (or some other) injury in an impact occurring at such low speed, because there is a level of physical force upon a vehicle’s occupant below which no injury can be sustained by the occupant • accordingly, this claimant cannot satisfy the court that they suffered the alleged (or indeed any) injury in this accident Note: the measure of the force applied to the vehicle

This is an annually revised amount which represents the minimum level of earnings that an employee needs to qualify for benefits, such as state pension and ‘jobseekers allowance’. If an employee's earnings reach, or exceed this level, but do not exceed the low earnings threshold, they will not pay National Insurance contributions (primary Class 1) but will be treated as having paid them when claiming these benefits.

Law360, London: Counsel for Lucasfilm and a Disney subsidiary have asked the Court of Appeal to dismiss a claim that it should have sought permission from another production company to reproduce Peter Cushing's likeness in 'Rogue One: A Star Wars Story'.

Law360: Lucasfilm fought for a second time on 25 July 2024 to exit a dispute with an English movie company over the use of actor Peter Cushing's likeness in Star Wars, telling a London court that the case against it was 'just weird'.

Law360, London: An appeals court agreed to dismiss a claim against Lucasfilm over the use of actor Peter Cushing's likeness in 'Rogue One: A Star Wars Story'.

Environment analysis: After almost a decade of litigation, on 28 May 2025, the final judgment on Luciano Lliuya v RWE AG (2015) Case No 2 O 285/15 was handed down by the Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht, OLG) of Hamm Germany. In this landmark civil climate change ruling the court held that while there needs to be a causal chain between the actions of the defendant and risk of damage to the claimant, single entities may have a responsibility for impacts relating to their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although RWE successfully defended the claim, the court established important legal principles for climate litigation which has significance for large companies. In summary, the court held that individual entities that emit GHG can, in principle, be held accountable for the impacts of their emissions under German civil law. Written by Tallat Hussain, partner, Amber Davies, associate and Grace Durnall, trainee in the Energy and Natural Resources at Reed Smith LLP.