Arbitration analysis: This case illustrates the strict and literal approach of the French courts to the validity of BITs and the need to consider the conduct of the state and its previous positions before the same courts. The State of Libya sought annulment at the seat in France of a partial award on jurisdiction for a treaty claim made under the 2009 BIT between Türkiye and Libya. The underlying dispute relates to three construction project (roads, bridges, housing, and infrastructures) that were halted in 1994 or suspended due to the first civil war in 2011. The Turkish company Üstay initiated an ICC arbitration against Libya based on Article 8 of the Türkiye-Libya BIT for alleged violations of the BIT, customary international law and the Agreement on the Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments between the member states of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC Treaty). In its award of 30 November 2020, the arbitral tribunal upheld its jurisdiction to hear the claims based on the Treaty, the umbrella clause, and the contractual claims, allegedly qualified as claims under Article 8 of the Treaty and did not retain its jurisdiction under the OIC Treaty and customary international law. The State of Libya sought annulment of the award for lack of jurisdiction on the ground that the Treaty did not come into force because it was not validly notified to the relevant authorities. After a detailed review of the provisions of the BIT, as well as the conduct of Libya, the Paris Court of appeal confirmed that the arbitral tribunal had validly retained its jurisdiction. Written by Christophe Dugué, Avocat au Barreau de Paris, at Christophe Dugué Law, independent arbitrator and counsel, International Arbitration.