A hearing is a scheduled court or tribunal sitting at which a judge, sheriff or panel receives legal argument, manages the case, takes evidence, and makes orders or determines issues. It is a descriptive procedural term used across civil, criminal, family and tribunal proceedings. In England and Wales, the Civil Procedure Rules define a hearing to include a trial and to take place in public or private; comparable usage appears in Northern Ireland and Ireland under their court rules. In Scotland, the term is used alongside specific diets: a proof (evidential hearing), a debate (legal submissions only), and procedural diets.Common types include directions or case management hearings, applications/motions, interim relief hearings, substantive hearings/trials, and appeal hearings. Hearings may be in person, remote or hybrid. Open justice generally requires public hearings, subject to statutory or rule-based exceptions (for example, family or youth cases, confidentiality, national security).Key features include listing and notice, the right to be heard (fair procedures), oral advocacy, witness examination and cross‑examination where evidence is taken, and the creation of a record or transcript. Outcomes range from interlocutory directions to final judgments or orders; matters may be adjourned or part‑heard as required.