This Practice Note examines the obligations that apply to an employer to consult on health and safety matters, either directly or via health and safety representatives, namely union-appointed safety representatives under the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 and representatives of workplace safety under the Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996. The Practice Note considers the functions of health and safety representatives, the scope of the consultation required and the duties of an employer when carrying out consultation, such as allowing paid time off, providing information and facilities and setting up a health and safety committee. Employment protection afforded to representatives and others in relation to health and safety matters, such as protection from detriment and dismissal is outlined and the mechanisms for enforcement of the regulations are considered. Topics covered include: • an overview of the relevant legislation and guidance (see Relevant legislation and guidance, below) • union-appointed safety representatives under the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 and representatives of workplace safety under the Health and Safety (Consultation