You must not provide banking facilities through a client account. Payments into, and transfers or withdrawals from, a client account must be in respect of instructions relating to an underlying transaction (and the funds arising therefrom) or to a service forming part of your normal regulated activities.’ The SRA published a warning notice on improper use of a client account as a banking facility in December 2014, which was updated in August 2018. The warning notice is accompanied by a number of case study examples. Case study 4 (Unconnected payments

If the lease is silent, the tenant is unlikely to get credit for any part of the rent paid in advance in respect of the period after the break option. Traditionally tenants have been unsuccessful in recovering overpaid rent in this situation. In Marks and Spencer, the High Court was prepared to imply a term into the relevant leases, that the tenant would be reimbursed for rent for the period after the break date. A key factor appears to have been the fact that the tenant was required, as a condition of the break, to pay a lump sum to the landlord (which equated to exactly a year's rent). This showed the parties had applied their minds to the compensation the landlord should receive for loss of

Law360, London: AmTrust argued on 1 December 2025, the first day of trial, that the insurer of two defunct law firms is liable to pay it £59m (US$78m), in the latest development in the battle of who should cover the costs of a failed litigation-funding scheme.

Law360, London: AmTrust persuaded a court Friday to allow it to challenge a decision capping its bid to hold an insurer of two defunct law firms liable for £15 million paid out under a failed litigation funding system

Law360, London: A London appeals court said on 19 June 2025 that AmTrust should be able to see another insurer's communications with two law firms amid a £56m battle over who should cover the costs of a failed litigation-funding scheme.

Law360, London: A legal loans company has settled its £56m claim against AmTrust over who should cover the costs of a failed litigation funding scheme, a lawyer for the insurance giant told a court on 19 September 2025.

CASE HUB ARCHIVED–this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 4 May 2017; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline, commentary and related cases. Case facts Outline European Commission Article 102 TFEU investigation into alleged anti-competitive behaviour in the e-books sector by Amazon, in particular looking at most-favoured nation (MFN) clauses (Case AT.40153). Latest developments On 4 May 2017, the Commission accepted binding commitments from Amazon and ended its investigation. Under the commitments, Amazon will: • not enforce (i) relevant clauses requiring publishers to offer Amazon similar terms and conditions as those offered to Amazon's competitors or (ii) any such clause requiring publishers to inform Amazon about such terms and conditions. This covers, in particular, provisions related to alternative/new business models, release date and catalogue of e-books, features of e-books, promotions, agency price, agency commission and wholesale price • allow publishers to terminate, upon 120 days' written notice, e-book contracts that include a clause linking discount possibilities for e-books to the retail price of a given e-book on a competing platform (so-called Discount

CASE HUB ARCHIVED—this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 20 December 2022; it is no longer maintained. See further, timeline and commentary. Case facts Outline European Commission Article 102 TFEU investigations into (i) Amazon Inc’s use of sensitive data from independent retailers who sell on its marketplace (AT.40462) and (ii) alleged preferential treatment of Amazon's own retail offers and those of marketplace sellers that use Amazon's logistics and delivery services (AT.40703). Latest development On 20 December 2022, the Commission accepted commitments from Amazon, and therefore closed both investigations.Under the final commitments, Amazon has committed to:• improve the presentation of the second competing Buy Box offer by making it more prominent and to include a review mechanism in case the presentation is not attracting adequate consumer attention• increase the transparency and early information flows to sellers and carriers about the commitments and their newly acquired rights, enabling, amongst others, early switching of sellers to independent carriers• lay out the means for

ARCHIVED—this archived case hub reflects the position at the date of the decision of 3 November 2023; it is no longer maintained. CASE HUB See further, timeline Case facts Outline CMA Chapter II CA98 investigation into whether Amazon abused its dominant position in relation to the way that non-public third-party seller data may be used within Amazon’s retail business, how Amazon sets criteria for selecting which product offer is placed within the ‘Buy Box’ and which sellers can list products under Amazon’s ‘Prime label’ on its Marketplace in the UK. Latest developments On 3 November 2023, the CMA announced its decision to accept commitments from Amazon to address its competition concerns. Amazon has committed to:• ensure Amazon does not use rival sellers’ Marketplace data to gain an unfair advantage over other sellers• guarantee all product offers are treated equally when Amazon decides which will be featured in the ‘Buy Box’• allow third-party businesses using Marketplace to negotiate their own rates directly with independent providers of Prime delivery services so that customers can benefit from lower

MLex has reported that Amazon Road Transport Spain has received a fine of €2m from the Spanish Data Protection Authority (DPA) for illegally processing personal data, in contravention of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR). After a complaint by a workers' union, the regulator found that the company had illegally collected and used the criminal record disclosures of self-employed carriers to conduct background checks, the DPA said. The company also required candidates' consent for transferring their data outside the EU for assessment or further use, the regulator said. The DPA concluded that this was excessive processing of personal data and that candidates did not have a chance to refuse or withdraw their consent.

MLex: Amazon has introduced changes to its service for advertisers and publishers, introducing more detail into pricing reports and choice over what data to disclose, as part of a move to comply with the EU's Digital Markets Act. In a blog post, the company said it was giving advertisers a better system to measure the performance of ad campaigns, and that users were being asked for consent to share data across services.

MLex: Amazon.com must bring its data processing in line with EU privacy rules within six months, on top of paying a record-breaking fine of €746m, according to an enforcement decision by Luxembourg’s National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD). It will be liable to an extra penalty of €746,000 for each day of delay. The clock started ticking on 15 July 2021.