A London-based stock exchange

means all alternative sources of energy for transport, such as electricity and hydrogen, that do not have to be released through combustion or non-combustion oxidation.

The value of a site having regard to alternative uses that would have a reasonable prospect of being acceptable in planning terms.

Alternative investments include real estate, hedge funds, private equity and commodities, ie they are not bonds or equities or cash. They are bought in order to enhance expected return and diversify a portfolio. Alternative assets are usually unquoted and therefore less liquid than equities and bonds.

Alternative Business Structures (ABSs) are regulated legal services businesses which are partially, or wholly, owned by non lawyers.

Alternative care People with needs for care and support can receive care from family members, friends and relatives as part of the holistic package of care to meet their needs. This can be in addition to or in place of help from the local authority (LA). Where LAs consider an adult may have eligible needs for care and support, they must provide an assessment to determine whether they have such needs, and what support they require. In R (on the application of Antoniak) v Westminster City Council, the High Court clarified the meaning of ‘needs’ under Part 1 of the Care Act 2014 (CA 2014). In conducting a needs assessment under CA 2014, it is an assessment of an individual’s needs without regard to the existing help and support that they are already receiving. A need that is being met is still considered a ‘need’. See News Analysis: The meaning of ‘needs’ under the Care Act 2014 (R (Antoniak) v Westminster City Council). Where

An alternative contingent remainder is a future interest in land or other property where two or more beneficiaries are identified as potential recipients, but only one can ultimately take, and each interest depends on a contingency. For example, “to A for life, then to B if B reaches 21, but if not, to C” gives B and C alternative contingent remainders. In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the concept arises mainly in traditional real property and trust drafting and is shaped by common law and equity principles on remainders, conditions precedent, and the rule against perpetuities. It is not generally defined in statute but is well recognised in case law and textbooks on land law and trusts. In Ireland, the terminology and analysis are broadly consistent, subject to local land and succession legislation. In Scotland, the functional equivalent is found in conditional and substitutional destinations under Scots property and succession law, although the technical language of “remainder” is not usually employed. Practically, alternative contingent remainders are significant in will drafting, settlements, trust structuring and tax planning, particularly when providing substitute gifts and addressing what happens if primary beneficiaries fail to qualify.

A catch-all phrase describing the resolution of disputes other than by litigation.

method of resolving disputes other than by litigation or arbitration

This Practice Note considers the consumer alternative dispute resolution (ADR) framework introduced by Part 4, Chapter 4 of the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (DMCCA 2024) (Alternative dispute resolution for consumer contract disputes) and the associated secondary legislation in force from 6 April 2026. It outlines the revised statutory framework and mandatory accreditation regime for ADR providers and the role of the Chartered Trading Standards Institute (CTSI) in oversight and enforcement. It moves on to consider relevant information requirements and the drafting and enforceability of ADR clauses in business to consumer (B2C) contracts. ADR refers to ways of resolving disputes or differences other than by litigation. There are various forms of ADR processes, which can broadly be divided into: • a facilitated process—a neutral third party tries to facilitate an agreement between the parties but no decision or solution is imposed on the parties. Examples of this kind of ADR include conciliation, mediation and direct negotiation • an imposed decision—a neutral third party makes a decision on the dispute after obtaining

1 In the event of an issue or dispute arising under this Agreement which the Parties are unable to resolve within

This Practice Note considers some key alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms in Scotland. For guidance on the closest equivalents in England and Wales, see ADR and dispute resolution clauses—overview, Arbitration—overview, Mediation—overview and Cross-border ADR—overview which, in turn, link through to detailed guidance on specific aspects of ADR in England and Wales. This Practice Note does not address ADR in the context of consumer disputes. Key: • OCR—Sheriff Court Ordinary Cause Rules 1993 • RCS—Rules of the Court of Session 1994 Obligations to advise on ADR Practitioners should be mindful of the Law Society of Scotland’s guidance for solicitors providing dispute resolution advice, namely: ‘Solicitors should have a sufficient understanding of commonly available alternative dispute resolution options to allow proper consideration and communication of options to a client in considering the client's interests and objectives. A solicitor providing advice on dispute resolution procedures should be able to discuss and explain available options, including the advantages and disadvantages of each, to a client in such a way as